, R1 and R2 (Host A ? Router 1 ? Router 2 -? Host B) ks that connect the hosts and routers are Ethernet 1000B an ther delay calculations
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![Total latency is equal to a summation of network delay contributors such as frame transmission time, queuing
time, and propagation time. Use the assumptions listed below to answer the questions below.
Assumptions:
• Host A and Host B are connected to a network. Packets sent from Host A to Host B transit through two
Routers, R1 and R2 (Host A ? Router 1 ? Router 2 -? Host B)
• The links that connect the hosts and routers are Ethernet 1000B and are short distance and can be ignored in
any further delay calculations
• The link between the two routers is 8km long and are connected by a T-1 WAN link (line rate = 1.544Mbps)
• a single packet (size = 1500bytes) is routed from Host A to Host B through the network. The two routers, R1
and R2, introduce queuing delay of 3 msec and 5 msec, respectively.
• Assume the signal propagation velocity in the T-1 channel = Vp = 2 x 108 m/sec
a. Calculate the latency (in msec) required to send the 1500byte packet from Host A to Host B](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F3df2bc4f-fbab-43b2-8b19-e4bf14eee2df%2F9bca98f4-524c-4497-8202-8da8c3d26f57%2Fs880cc_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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- It is theoretically feasible for two hosts to communicate with one another by sending packets back and forth over the same connection. Please enumerate all of the components that are responsible for the overall amount of time required to process a single packet, starting to end. Is it to be anticipated that one of the delays will continue for a certain amount of time, while the duration of the other delay will be more unpredictable?5.03-5. Dijkstra's Algorithm (3, part 5). Consider the network shown below, and Dijkstra's link-state algorithm. Suppose that Dijkstra's algorithm has been run to compute the least cost paths from node E to all other nodes. Now suppose that source node E has a packet to send to destination node A. What is the first router to which E will forward this packet on its path to A? OF (A) 3 2 4 B 8 D 10 4 E 4 2 FA packet switch receives a packet and determines the outbound link to which the packet should be forwarded. When the packet arrives, one other packet is halfway done being transmitted on this outbound link and four other packets are waiting to be transmitted. Packets are transmitted in order of arrival. Suppose all packets are 1,200 bytes and the link rate is 2 Mbps. What is the queuing delay for the packet? More generally, what is the queuing delay when all packets have length L, the transmission rate is R, x bits of the currently-being-transmitted packet have been transmitted, and n packets are already in the queue?
- 4. The figure below shows a router connected to 4 devices. All devices, including the router, have transmission rates = 1 Mbits/s. The router can process the data instantaneously (processing delay= Os for all packets). The queue can hold a maximum of 10 Mbits at any given time, Note that all packets have to join the queue. The table in the figure shows the time at which packets are generated (in s), where they are generated, where they are going, and the size of each packet. R=1 Mbits/s B R = 1 Mbits/s A Router Queue Processing Delay = Os Transmission Rate = 1 Mbits/s C R = 1 Mbits/s Time (s) from to Size (Mbits) t=0 R = 1 Mbits/s t = 1 D t = 2 В t = 10 D BD ACBO 5 5 A 10 C 10 t = 11 A B 5Performance: Link utilization. Consider the network shown below. The links have transmission rates of R₁ = R₂ = 150 Mbps Assume that the link R₂ is fairly shared (as we've seen is done via TCP) between the two sessions. 25% What is the utilization of a link connecting the sender to the router, assuming both sessions are sending packets as fast as possible? 75 Mbps 50% 33.3% R₁ 75% R₁ 10% R₂ Not quite. Your answer is incorrect.Question 5: Suppose you attach a network monitor to observe the sequence of frames that travel over a link from sender A to receiver B. The problem is to deduce what protocols, if any, could have generated the observed sequence. The following diagrams depict a flow of frames, with their corresponding sequence numbers, from the sender (A). There may be traffic from B to A, which is not depicted in the diagram. A gap between adjacent frames implies passage of time with no transmission from the sender. Note that the x-axis is time, and not space. Justify your answer. A A A ● ● ● ● 1 5 ● 3 5 0 ● 0 0 1 1 1 ● Go-Back-N ● Selective Repeat 1 0 5 0 c) For Diagram 3, the protocol is not: Stop-and-Wait Time Diagram 1 2 Time a) For Diagram 1, the most likely protocol being used is: Stop-and-Wait ● Go-Back-N (if Go-Back-N, give the window size) Selective Repeat (if Selective Repeat, give the window size) Diagram 2 Time 3 Diagram 3 1 Time b) For Diagram 2, the most likely protocol being used is:…
- QUESTION 77 Consider the network topology shown below with routers labeled A through F, inclusive. Each link is labeled with its "cost" for routing purposes. The link state routing algorithm is used in this network. (a)Show how Djikstra's algorithm works to compute paths from Router E to all other routers (show your answer in a table format similar to the one used in the lectures). (b)Show the final forwarding table at Router E after completion of the algorithm.Consider a router buffer preceding an outbound link. In this problem, you will use Little’s formula, a famous formula from queuing theory. Let N denote the average number of packets in the buffer plus the packet being transmitted. Let a denote the rate of packets arriving at the link. Let d denote the average total delay (i.e., the queuing delay plus the transmission delay) experienced by a packet. Little’s formula is N=a⋅d . Suppose that on average, the buffer contains 10 packets, and the average packet queuing delay is 10 msec. The link’s transmission rate is 100 packets/sec. Using Little’s formula, what is the average packet arrival rate, assuming there is no packet loss?39. The figure below shows the TCP Congestion Window for various transmission rounds of a TCP connection. 20 18 16 14 12 10 4 2 2 4 6 10 12 14 16 18 20 Transmission Round How many more (or less) segments will TCP Tahoe send compared to TCP Reno between the transmission rounds 12 and 16 inclusive (i.e., t12 to t16) for the same sequence of events as shown in the graph above (i.e., loss events at t11, tl4 and t16)? a. TCP Tahoe send 13 less segments compared to TCP Reno b. TCP Tahoe send 20 more segments compared to TCP Reno c. TCP Tahoe send 13 more segments compared to TCP Reno d. TCP Tahoe send 20 less segments compared to TCP Reno e. TCP Tahoe send 28 less segments compared to TCP Reno Congestion Window (MSS) 00
- Data collision occurs when multiple senders simultaneously attempt to access the communication medium. Various protocols have been developed to mitigate this issue. These protocols operate at different layers of the network stack. Could you please provide more specific information about the protocols you are interested in? Do these methods ensure reliable gearbox without any possibility of collisions? What alternative solutions are available if this approach proves ineffective?Total latency is equal to a summation of network delay contributors such as frame transmission time, queuing time, and propagation time. Use the assumptions listed below to answer the questions below. Assumptions: • Host A and Host B are connected to a network. Packets sent from Host A to Host B transit through two Routers, R1 and R2 (Host A ? Router 1? Router 2 -? Host B) • The links that connect the hosts and routers are Ethernet 1000B and are short distance and can be ignored in any further delay calculations • The link between the two routers is 8km long and are connected by a T-1 WAN link (line rate = 1.544Mbps) • a single packet (size = 1500bytes) is routed from Host A to Host B through the network. The two routers, R1 and R2, introduce queuing delay of 3 msec and 5 msec, respectively. • Assume the signal propagation velocity in the T-1 channel = Vp = 2 x 108 m/sec a. Calculate the latency (in msec) required to send the 1500byte packet from Host A to Host BTCP / IP uses the client-server communication model, in which a user or computer (a client) receives a service (such as sending a web page) from another computer (a server) on the network. In short, the TCP / IP protocol suite is classified as stateless, which means that each client request is considered new because it has nothing to do with previous requests. Being stateless, network routes are released so that they can be used continuously. Answer the following questions briefly. How does resource reservation work in the TCP / IP model? Which TCP / IP layer is responsible to reserve resources across a network using the TCP / IP model? What protocol assigns an IP address to the client connected to the Internet? Checksum is used by various protocols on the Internet, but not at the one of TCP / IP Explain.
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