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A: Bicarbonate
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Q: main cause of Acid-Base Disturbance with compensation (if there is one)
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Q: a. A 60-year-old man with a history of heavy smoking has the following lab values: PCO2 = 70 mmHg;…
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Q: Discuss the buffering of Hydrogen lon in the Body?
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- Human blood has a pH of approximately 7.4 due to the carbonic acid/bicarbonate ion (H2CO3/HCO3−) buffer system. Any pH changes below 6.8 or above 7.8 can lead to death! Carbonic acid dissociates to form water and carbon dioxide in the equilibrium shown below. This process is crucial in respiration.H2CO3 (aq) ⇋ CO2 (g) + H2O pKa1 = 2.77 Carbonic acid dissociates in water to form the bicarbonate ion and the hydroxonium ion by the following equilibrium reaction:H2CO3 (aq) + H2O ⇋ H3O(aq)+ + HCO3− pKa2 = 3.70 (ii) Explain how a 25% increase in carbonic acid levels may impact the availability of lead if a tainted calcium supplement ends up on the local marketWhich of the equations below best represents how excess acid in the blood plasma can be removed in the lungs by breathing? H+ (aq) + 0. 2(g) OH + H₂ CO (aq) OH+ + O (aq) 2(g) → H, CO. H + O₂ (aq) 2(g) 3(aq) 3(aq) → H₂O(g) + CO2(g) + CO2(g) → H₂O H, CO3(aq) → HCO, OH t + HCO3(aq) → H₂ CO3(g) → H₂O(g) (aq) → H, CO3(aq) 3 (aq) + CO2(g) H₂O(g) + CO2(g)Carbonic anhydrase is an extremely efficient enzyme in red blood cells that performs the essential function of trapping C02 coming out of tissues and hydrating it with H,0. The product of this reaction is which dissociates into a proton and a (Hint: the reaction is H20 + CO2 +„H+ bicarbonate; carbonic acid carbonic acid; carbonate carbonate; carbonic acid carbonate; bicarbonate carbonic acid; bicarbonate
- Why HCL is more concentrated than NaOH in titration?(pls explain thoroughly and cite some example)Consider the equilibrium shown below; indicating the buffering system in the blood circulation. CO, + H,0 [H,CO3] HCO3¯+H* When a patient is choking, would this lead to an alkalosis or an acidosis situation? Explain.Fumaric acid, H2C;H;O4, is a diprotic acid (K,1 = 9.3 x 104, Ka2 = 3. i x 10). Physiologically, it is an intermediate in the Krebs Cycle which produces energy by the oxidation of carbon to carbon dioxide. Ifblood is buffered at 7.4, which statement is TRUE? The dominant species is H;CaH;O4 The dominant species is HC4H:04 The dominant species is Call:0. There are comparable amounts of H:C4H2O4 and HC4H2O4 There are comparable amounts olHCH:O, and CAH:0
- Use the law of mass action and the following equation: H2O + CO2 <-> H2CO3 <-> H+ + HCO3- to describe what happens to pH, HCO3-, and CO2 when there is an increase in H+ from a metabolic source.Carbon dioxide is dissolved in blood (pH 7.4) to form a mixture of carbonic acid and bicarbonate. Neglecting free CO2, what fraction will be present as carbonic acid? Would you expect a significant amount of carbonate (CO32-)?Each of the following statements briefly describes one of Hb an allosteric interactions. Which of the statements below are false? A drop in the [H+] of blood plasma would lead to a decrease Hb affinity for O₂. An increase in the partial pressure of CO₂ in the tissues would lead to a decrease Hb affinity for O₂- If you inhaled CO for an extended period of time, at partial pressures 1000 fold higher than normal indoor atmospheric pressure, your body would have a difficult time delivering oxygen to your tissues. When the partial pressure of oxygen is low within the atmosphere, your body responds by increasing the biological activity of Hb's negative effectors.
- Calculate the pH of a blood plasma sample with a total CO2 concentration of 26.9 mM and bicarbonate concentration of 25.6 mM. Recall from page 67 that the relevant pK2 of carbonic acid is 6.1Nitric acid can be produced by the reaction ofgaseous nitrogen dioxide with water.3 NO2(g) + H2O(ℓ) −→2 HNO3(ℓ) + NO(g)If 956 L of NO2 gas react with water, whatvolume of NO gas will be produced? Assume the gases are measured under the sameconditionsWhat is the relationship between CO2 and pH in the blood? Explain.