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• R-134a enters a nozzle at 700 kPa and 120 °C and exits at 400 kPa and 30°C. Mass flows steadily through an entrance with an area of 0.0028 m². If the speed at the inlet is 20 m/s and the exit speed is 400 m/s, estimate the rate of heat loss in units of kW.

• R-134a enters a nozzle at 700 kPa and 120 °C and exits at 400 kPa and 30°C. Mass flows steadily through an entrance with an area of 0.0028 m². If the speed at the inlet is 20 m/s and the exit speed is 400 m/s, estimate the rate of heat loss in units of kW.

Elements Of Electromagnetics
Elements Of Electromagnetics
7th Edition
ISBN:9780190698614
Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
Publisher:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
ChapterMA: Math Assessment
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1.1MA
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### Thermodynamics: Rate of Heat Loss Calculation **Problem Statement:** R-134a enters a nozzle at 700 kPa and 120 °C and exits at 400 kPa and 30 °C. Mass flows steadily through an entrance with an area of 0.0028 m². If the speed at the inlet is 20 m/s and the exit speed is 400 m/s, estimate the rate of heat loss in units of kW. **Explanation:** This problem is a typical thermodynamics problem where a refrigerant, R-134a, is flowing through a nozzle. Understanding how to approach and solve such problems is crucial for students studying fluid mechanics and thermal systems. Let's highlight the key details and process: **Key Details:** - **Inlet Conditions:** - Pressure: 700 kPa - Temperature: 120 °C - Velocity: 20 m/s - Area: 0.0028 m² - **Exit Conditions:** - Pressure: 400 kPa - Temperature: 30 °C - Velocity: 400 m/s **Objective:** - Estimate the rate of heat loss in kW. **Approach:** 1. **Establish Inlet and Exit States:** - Use the thermodynamic properties of R-134a to determine specific enthalpies at the given temperatures and pressures. 2. **Flow Rate Calculation:** - Determine the mass flow rate using the given area and inlet velocity. 3. **Energy Balance:** - Apply the conservation of energy principle to account for the changes in enthalpy and kinetic energy. 4. **Heat Loss:** - Calculate heat loss using the difference in total energy between the inlet and exit states. By following these steps systematically, the rate of heat loss can be effectively estimated. **Notes for Students:** - Make sure to refer to the appropriate thermodynamic tables for R-134a. - Pay attention to unit conversions to ensure consistency in your calculations. - This type of problem helps in understanding the energy interactions in fluid flow systems, often encountered in practical engineering applications. **Graphical Explanation:** The problem description does not include any graphs or diagrams. However, visually representing the nozzle, with inlet and exit states marked, can help in visualizing the process and understanding the energy transformations involved.
Transcribed Image Text:### Thermodynamics: Rate of Heat Loss Calculation **Problem Statement:** R-134a enters a nozzle at 700 kPa and 120 °C and exits at 400 kPa and 30 °C. Mass flows steadily through an entrance with an area of 0.0028 m². If the speed at the inlet is 20 m/s and the exit speed is 400 m/s, estimate the rate of heat loss in units of kW. **Explanation:** This problem is a typical thermodynamics problem where a refrigerant, R-134a, is flowing through a nozzle. Understanding how to approach and solve such problems is crucial for students studying fluid mechanics and thermal systems. Let's highlight the key details and process: **Key Details:** - **Inlet Conditions:** - Pressure: 700 kPa - Temperature: 120 °C - Velocity: 20 m/s - Area: 0.0028 m² - **Exit Conditions:** - Pressure: 400 kPa - Temperature: 30 °C - Velocity: 400 m/s **Objective:** - Estimate the rate of heat loss in kW. **Approach:** 1. **Establish Inlet and Exit States:** - Use the thermodynamic properties of R-134a to determine specific enthalpies at the given temperatures and pressures. 2. **Flow Rate Calculation:** - Determine the mass flow rate using the given area and inlet velocity. 3. **Energy Balance:** - Apply the conservation of energy principle to account for the changes in enthalpy and kinetic energy. 4. **Heat Loss:** - Calculate heat loss using the difference in total energy between the inlet and exit states. By following these steps systematically, the rate of heat loss can be effectively estimated. **Notes for Students:** - Make sure to refer to the appropriate thermodynamic tables for R-134a. - Pay attention to unit conversions to ensure consistency in your calculations. - This type of problem helps in understanding the energy interactions in fluid flow systems, often encountered in practical engineering applications. **Graphical Explanation:** The problem description does not include any graphs or diagrams. However, visually representing the nozzle, with inlet and exit states marked, can help in visualizing the process and understanding the energy transformations involved.
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