Question: A communication satellite is transmitting a signal to a ground station on Earth. The satellite is operating at a frequency of 10 GHz and has a transmit power of 50 watts. The distance between the satellite and the ground station is 35,000 kilometers. The satellite's antenna has a gain of 30 decibels, and the ground station's antenna has a gain of 25 decibels. The system operates with a receiver noise figure of 2 decibels, and the receiver has a bandwidth of 10 megahertz. The path loss between the satellite and the ground station Is 200 decibels. Calculate the received power at the ground station and determine the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the receiver

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Antenna Characteristics

The antenna is an important concept in the domain of electronics and communication engineering. An antenna forms an integral part of many commonly used devices such as wireless modems, routers, game controllers, mobile phones, bluetooth devices, and so on. In simple terms, any wireless communication makes use of antennas to serve the purpose. An antenna, also known by the term 'arial', is an electrical device that converts electrical signals into electromagnetic waves or electromagnetic waves into electrical signals. An antenna contains a transmission line usually made up of co-axial cable, it then receives the signals and converts them into electromagnetic waves, which are then transmitted via space into their required destination. A communication system essentially makes use of two antennas, a transmission antenna, which converts electrical signals into electromagnetic waves, and a receiving antenna, which receives the electromagnetic waves and converts them back into electrical signals.