Question 36 Consider the structure below. u When this structure is completed, in order to minimize formal charges, and all atoms obey the Octet Rule, how many lone pairs are on each nitrogen atom? 0 3 2 00 01
Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
 (Image shows a molecular structure with N (nitrogen) in the center, double-bonded to an O (oxygen) on top, single-bonded to an O on the left, and single-bonded to an O on the right)
**When this structure is completed, in order to minimize formal charges, and all atoms obey the Octet Rule, how many lone pairs are on each nitrogen atom?**
- [ ] 3
- [ ] 2
- [ ] 0
- [x] 1
**Explanation of Graphs/Diagrams:**
The diagram in the question shows a molecular structure with a central nitrogen atom (N). This nitrogen atom is double-bonded to one oxygen atom (O) and single-bonded to two other oxygen atoms. The question asks how many lone pairs of electrons are present on the nitrogen atom when the structure is completed, minimizing formal charges and obeying the Octet Rule.
**Key points:**
- Nitrogen (N) can form three bonds and typically one lone pair while obeying the Octet Rule.
- Oxygen (O) atoms follow the Octet Rule, typically forming two bonds and having two lone pairs.
**Answer:** 1 lone pair on nitrogen.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F985fbbf0-f8fa-4c87-a1a5-f926559935c9%2Fb8ce85b5-b98d-4615-9df4-0895584eb8e8%2F3lble5e_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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