Question # 3: Water is boiling in a 12-cm-deep pan with an outer diameter of 25 cm that is placed on top of a stove. The ambient air and the surrounding surfaces are at a temperature of 25°C, and the emissivity of the outer surface of the pan is 0.95. Assuming the entire pan to be at an average temperature of 98°C, determine the rate of heat loss from the cylindrical side surface of the pan to the surroundings by (a) natural convection and (b) radiation. (c) If water is boiling at a rate of 2 kg/h at 100°C, determine the ratio of the heat lost from the side surfaces of the pan to that by the evaporation of water. The heat of vaporization of water at 100°C is 2257 kJ/kg. Vapor 2 kg/h 25°C Water 100°C 98°℃ e=0.95

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Entropy

In physics, entropy means the amount of disorder or the degree of randomness associated with a thermodynamic system. The system is not self-organized when the entropy of the system is high. For instance, when a system is at an elevated temperature, its molecules are in random motion, vibrating and colliding with each other. During this scenario, the probability of finding a molecule at a particular place twice, is low. Under this circumstance, the system can be said to be in a high entropy.