Question 3 Consider a European call option and a European put option that have the same under- lying stock, the same strike price K, and the same expiration date T. Let C denote the Call premium, P denote the Put premium, and S denote the current stock price. Suppose the risk-free borrowing rate r is greater than the risk-free lending rate rɩ, i.e., rɩ > ri. Suppose C < P+S - Ke¯T. Are there arbitrage opportunities? If so, describe your trading strategy; otherwise, list a condition involving r₁, under which an arbitrage strategy exists and describe the strategy.
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- hi could you please help solve exercise 5.8?Question 1. Suppose t ≤ T1 ≤ T2 ≤ T3, where t is the current time, and ∆ > 0. Recall that Z(T1, T2) is the price at time T1 of a ZCB with maturity T2 and F(T1, T2, T3) is the forward price at time T1 for a forward contract with maturity T2 on a ZCB with maturity T3. a) For each of the pairs of A and B in the table, choose the most appropriate relationship out of ≥, ≤, = , ?, where ? means the relationship is indeterminate. Give brief reasoning. A ≥, ≤, = , ? B (i) Z(t, T1) 1 (ii) Z(T1, T1) 1 (iii) Z(t, T2) Z(t, T3) (iv) Z(T1, T2) Z(T1, T3) (v) Z(T1, T3) Z(T2, T3) (vi) Z(T1, T1 + ∆) Z(T2, T2 + ∆) (vii) F(t, T1, T2) F(t, T1, T3) (viii) F(t, T1, T3) F(t, T2, T3) (ix) limT→∞ Z(t, T) 0 Hint: Remember that at current time t, F(t, ·, ·) is known but Z(T, ·) is a random variable. b) What can you say about interest rates between T1 and T2 if i) Z(t, T1) = Z(t, T2)? ii) Z(t, T1) > 0 and Z(t, T2) = 0?Tick all those statements on options that are correct (and don't tick those statements that are incorrect). O a. The Black-Scholes formula is based on the assumption that the share price follows a geometric Brownian motion. Ob. The put-call parity formula necessarily requires the assumption that the share price follows a geometric Brownain motion. 0 C. If interest is compounded continuously then the put-call parity formula is P+ S(0) = C + Ke where I is the expiry time. Od. In general the equation S(T) + (K − S(T))+ (S(T) — K)† + K is valid. An American put option should never be exercised before the expiry time. e. =
- What is a REIT What are the advantages and disadvantages of REITs List and Describe the different types of REITs What is an OPTION Differentiate between a PUT and a CALL OPTION List and Describe the different types of OPTIONS What is a REPO What are the advantages and disadvantages of REPOS List and Describe the different types of REPOS What is the formula for calculating REPO RATE Define (a) Market Risk (b) Interest Rate Risk (c) Commodity Risk (d) Currency Risk1. Suppose there are three complex securities and three different states as follows: Security So S₁(1) S₁ (2) S₁ (3) 1.2 3 0 0 1.8 4 2 0 1.2 2 1 1 2 10 4 A B C D (a) Find the arbitrage-free price of asset D. (b) What is the risk-free return compatible with these asset prices?3. A bear spread payoff has the form g(ST) = max(K₂- ST, 0) - max(K₁ – ST, 0), where 0 < K₁ < K₂. (a) (b) Sketch the payoff diagram. Use the general formula for the European option pricing function to find the time-zero option price of a bear spread.
- Problem 4a: State whether the following statements are true or false. In each case, provide a brief explanation. a. In a risk averse world, the binomial model states that, other things being equal, the greater the probability of an up movement in the stock price, the lower the value of a European put option.The premium on a put option is primarily a function of the difference in spot price S relative to the strike price X, the time until maturity T, and the volatility of the currency o. P = f(S-X, T, o) For each characteristic of a put option, use the table to indicate whether that would lead to a higher put option premium or a lower put option premium (all else equal). Characteristic A lower spot price relative to the strike price A shorter time before expiration A higher level of volatility for the currency Higher Put Option Premium Lower Put Option Premium When using a put option to hedge receivables in an international currency, a U.S. based MNC can lock in the receive. minimum maximum amount of dollars it willUse the put-call parity relationship to demonstrate that an at-the-money call option on a nondividend-paying stock must cost more than an at-the-money put option. Show that the prices of the put and call will be equal if S0 = (1 + r)T..
- The value of a European put option can be either directly or inversely to a. Time to expiry b. volatility of the underlyingM3 The terms "contango" and "backwardation" are used to describe term structures of forward/futures prices (i.e., patterns of forward/futures prices of various maturities). Please explain the meanings of these two terms and the situations in which they occur (i.e., the reasons for them). Also, consider futures prices of gold. Do you expect them to be in contango or backwardation? Why?Suppose that C is the price of a European call option to purchase a security whose present price is S.Show that if C > S then there is an opportunity for arbitrage (i.e. riskless profit). You may assume theinterest rate is r = 0 so that present value calculations are unnecessary.