Question 3 Consider a European call option and a European put option that have the same under- lying stock, the same strike price K, and the same expiration date T. Let C denote the Call premium, P denote the Put premium, and S denote the current stock price. Suppose the risk-free borrowing rate r is greater than the risk-free lending rate rɩ, i.e., rɩ > ri. Suppose C < P+S - Ke¯T. Are there arbitrage opportunities? If so, describe your trading strategy; otherwise, list a condition involving r₁, under which an arbitrage strategy exists and describe the strategy.
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- Question 1. Suppose t ≤ T1 ≤ T2 ≤ T3, where t is the current time, and ∆ > 0. Recall that Z(T1, T2) is the price at time T1 of a ZCB with maturity T2 and F(T1, T2, T3) is the forward price at time T1 for a forward contract with maturity T2 on a ZCB with maturity T3. a) For each of the pairs of A and B in the table, choose the most appropriate relationship out of ≥, ≤, = , ?, where ? means the relationship is indeterminate. Give brief reasoning. A ≥, ≤, = , ? B (i) Z(t, T1) 1 (ii) Z(T1, T1) 1 (iii) Z(t, T2) Z(t, T3) (iv) Z(T1, T2) Z(T1, T3) (v) Z(T1, T3) Z(T2, T3) (vi) Z(T1, T1 + ∆) Z(T2, T2 + ∆) (vii) F(t, T1, T2) F(t, T1, T3) (viii) F(t, T1, T3) F(t, T2, T3) (ix) limT→∞ Z(t, T) 0 Hint: Remember that at current time t, F(t, ·, ·) is known but Z(T, ·) is a random variable. b) What can you say about interest rates between T1 and T2 if i) Z(t, T1) = Z(t, T2)? ii) Z(t, T1) > 0 and Z(t, T2) = 0?D3) Finance Consider an option with α being a non-negative parameter and the option pays ((S(T))α − K)+ at maturity date T. Let Cα(S(0), σ, r) be the risk neutral price of the option (with interest rate r and volatility σ) when the initial price is S(0). Obviously, C1(S(0), σ, r) = C(S(0), σ, r) is the price of an ordinary call option. Show that, Cα(S(0), σ, r) = e(α−1)(r+ασ2/2)TC((S(0))α, ασ, rα), where rα = α(r − σ2/2) + α2σ2/2.A2 Assume the term structure of spot interest rate reported in the screen shot. Assume that the market does not allow for arbitrage opportunities, determine the structure of prices of the forward unitary zero coupon bonds.
- Tick all those statements on options that are correct (and don't tick those statements that are incorrect). O a. The Black-Scholes formula is based on the assumption that the share price follows a geometric Brownian motion. Ob. The put-call parity formula necessarily requires the assumption that the share price follows a geometric Brownain motion. 0 C. If interest is compounded continuously then the put-call parity formula is P+ S(0) = C + Ke where I is the expiry time. Od. In general the equation S(T) + (K − S(T))+ (S(T) — K)† + K is valid. An American put option should never be exercised before the expiry time. e. =Consider a two-factor Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) model, T; = a; + b1,ifı + b2.i f2 + €i, with the following information Asset i Asset 1 0.07 0.50 0.25 Asset 2 0.15 1.10 0.75 Asset 3 0.20 b1,3 Hi b1i b2i 1.0 and the risk-free rate rp is 0.025. (a) Find the value of b13 to preclude arbitrage opportunity. (b) is an Asset 4 with 4 = 0.13, b14 = 0.8, and b2.4 = 0.4. Explain how you would exploit an arbitrage opportunity if thereQuestion Which of the following statement(s) is/are true regarding a single-period binominal model with a time period h? I) If X is the expected payoff of a European option in the real world, then the price of the option can be obtained by discounting X at the risk-free interest rate II) To calculate the risk-neutral probability of an increase in stock price, the risk premium of the stock is needed II) In the risk-neutral world, the expected stock price at time h is the forward price for the stock delivering at time h Possible Answers A 1) only B III) only C I) and II) only D 1) and III) only E None of the statement is true
- KF1. Which statement is false? a All else being equal, options of the same strike will increase in price depending on the volatility of the underlying. b According to put-call parity, if a stock is trading for a price that is at-the-money, the put and the call should be trading at the same, or very close to, the same price. c A short put option is functionally the same as a long call option (it results in the same thing). d All statements are true e All statements are falseD3(Solve this practice problem
- Problem 4a: State whether the following statements are true or false. In each case, provide a brief explanation. a. In a risk averse world, the binomial model states that, other things being equal, the greater the probability of an up movement in the stock price, the lower the value of a European put option.Suppose that C is the price of a European call option to purchase a security whose present price is S.Show that if C > S then there is an opportunity for arbitrage (i.e. riskless profit). You may assume theinterest rate is r = 0 so that present value calculations are unnecessary.21 Which one of the following best describes the purpose of derivatives markets? Multiple Choice O Earning interest income Investing for a short time period to earn a small rate of return. Transferring risk from one party to another. Investing for retirement