Question 3 a) With aid of a diagram, explain the general equilibrium framework of the Hecksher Ohlin(H-O) model. b) Draw a figure showing the consumption, production, trade, revenue and redistribution effects of an import tariff when the nation is assumed to be too small to affect world prices. What is the protection cost of the tariff?
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Question 3
a) With aid of a diagram, explain the general equilibrium framework of the Hecksher Ohlin(H-O) model.
b) Draw a figure showing the consumption, production, trade, revenue and redistribution effects of an import tariff when the nation is assumed to be too small to affect world prices. What is the protection cost of the tariff?
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Solved in 3 steps with 2 images
- (a) Define, compare, and contrast the following trade policies: (i) tariffs, (ii) export subsidies, and (iii) quantitative restrictions. Be sure to include in your answer a discussion of the expected effect these policies have on prices, exports (for the exporting country), imports (for the importing country), and the welfare of various actors. (b) In 2016, the United Kingdom voted to withdraw from the European Union. First, explain the motivation supporting both the "leave" and "stay" policies. Second, what is the expected economic effect of the United Kingdom leaving the European Union?If Guatemala is open to international trade in oranges without any restrictions, it will import Suppose the Guatemalan government wants to reduce imports to exactly 120 tons of oranges to help domestic producers. A tariff of S will achieve this. A tariff set at this level would raise S tons of oranges. in revenue for the Guatemalan government. per tonQuestion 2 Suppose that the demand for rice in Japan is given by the function Q = 100 -p and the domestic supply is Q = p. Suppose that the inverse world supply function is p = 30. (a) What would be the change in domestic producer surplus if imported rice is banned? (b) What would be the change in consumer surplus if a $5 tariff is imposed on imported rice? (c) What would be the change in imports if a $5 tariff is imposed on imported rice? (d) What would be the smallest tariff to completely eliminate imported rice? (e) A $5 per unit tariff has the same effect on producer and consumer surplus as a quota of
- (a) Draw an offer curve for Guatemala that shows its offer of coffee for wheat. Include both an elastic and inelastic range in Guatemala’s offer curve. (b) Draw an offer curve for the United States that shows its offer of wheat for coffee. Show this US curve intersecting the Guatemalan offer curve in the inelastic range of the Guatemalan curve. Note the equilibrium terms of trade established. (c) Compare the equilibrium international price you found in question (b) to the autarky prices in Guatemala and in the United States. (You can find a country’s autarky price by drawing a line tangent to the offer curve at the origin.) Explain which country benefits the most from a more favorable movement in its terms of trade when it abandons its autarky position. (d) “The Guatemalan offer curve is likely to be less elastic than the US offer curve.” Justify this claim by explaining what factors determine the elasticity of an offer curve.China placed tariffs on the importation of US soybeans. Assume that the domestic market for soybeans in China is described by the following equations: Demand: P = 11.5 – Q Supply: P = 5.5 + Q Price is in 10 Yuan (¥) per bushel of soybeans and the units for Quantity are 100 million bushels per year. This is to make graphing simpler. This does NOT mean that the price is 10 and quantity is 100. Rather it means that if the price was 40¥ and the quantity was 7,500,000,000 bushels, this would plot as 4 and 7.5 respectively. The world price for soybeans is ¥65/bushel (this would graph as a horizontal line at 6.5). Graph the soybean market in China showing equilibrium both with no barriers to trade and with a ¥15/bushel tariff. Be sure to fully and clearly label the graph including: Domestic Demand curve (D), Domestic Supply curve (S), the World Price (WP), and the Price with tariffs (PT), along with the quantities imported both with and without the tariff. Based on your graph, what…The following graph shows the domestic demand for and supply of limes in Bangladesh. The world price (Pw) of limes is $800 per ton and is displayed as a horizontal black line. Throughout the question, assume that all countries under consideration are small, that is, the amount demanded by any one country does not affect the world price of limes and that there are no transportation or transaction costs associated with international trade in limes. Also, assume that domestic suppliers will satisfy domestic demand as much as possible before any exporting or importing takes place. PRICE (Dollars per ton) PRICE (Dollars per ton) 1120 1080 1040 1000 960 9:20 880 640 800 760 720 960 920 880 840 800 760 720 0 0 Domestic Demand 10 I 20 T I 10 20 Domestic Supply 70 60 50 30 40 QUANTITY (Tons of limes). 30 40 50 60 70 QUANTITY (Tons of limes) 80 A tariff set at this level would raise $ 80 90 100 PW 90 100 If Bangladesh is open to international trade in limes without any restrictions, it will…
- As you may have heard, Russia decided to invade its neighbor, which has led to international condemnation (albeit not on all fronts). The EU, a former major importer of gas from Russai, went ahead with sanctions. Imagine, if you will, that the respective heads of state get together and try to negotiate a trade agreement to end sanctions. They each have three possible choices: (a) Maintain tariffs against the other nation (T); (b) Seek mediation from the WTO, which would implement an international trade agreement at a small cost (M); (c) Unilaterally remove tariffs (F). The payoff matrix is as given below. Is there a dominant strategy for either player? Find all the (pure strategy) Nash equilibria in the game. How would this change if, instead, the mediation is costless and yields a payoff of 50 to each nation (assuming mutually successful mediation) and a payoff of 0 (if the other nation chooses otherwise)? **The following graph shows the domestic supply of and demand for maize in Guatemala. The world price (Pr) of maize is $255 per ton and is represented by the horizontal black line. Throughout the question, assume that the amount demanded by any one country does not affect the world price of maize and that there are no transportation or transaction costs associated with international trade in maize. Also, assume that domestic suppliers will satisfy domestic demand as much as possible before any exporting or importing takes place. 435 Domestic Demand Domestic Supply 415 305 375 355 X 335 315 295 275 Pu W 255 235 0 40 80 300 400 120 100 200 240 280 320 QUANTITY (Tons of maize) If Guatemala is open to international trade in maize without any restrictions, it will import. tons of maize. per ton will Suppose the Guatemalan government wants to reduce imports to exactly 80 tons of maize to help domestic producers. A tariff of S achieve this. A tariff set at this level would raise $ in revenue…The following graph shows the domestic demand for and supply of maize in Kenya. The world price (Pw) of maize is $260 per ton and is displayed as a horizontal black line. Throughout the question, assume that all countries under consideration are small, that is, the amount demanded by any one country does not affect the world price of maize and that there are no transportation or transaction costs associated with international trade in maize. Also, assume that domestic suppliers will satisfy domestic demand as much as possible before any exporting or importing takes place. PRICE (Dollars per ton) 485 Domestic Demand Domestic Supply 460 435 410 385 360 335 P 310 285 260 PW 235 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 QUANTITY (Tons of maize) (?) If Kenya is open to international trade in maize without any restrictions, it will import tons of maize. Suppose the Kenyan government wants to reduce imports to exactly 20 tons of maize to help domestic producers. A tariff of $ achieve this. A tariff…
- The following graph shows the domestic supply of and demand for maize in Burundi. The world price (Pw) of maize is $270 per ton and is represented by the horizontal black line. Throughout the question, assume that the amount demanded by any one country does not affect the world price of maize and that there are no transportation or transaction costs associated with international trade in maize. Also, assume that domestic suppliers will satisfy domestic demand as much as possible before any exporting or importing takes place. 450 Domestic Demand Domestic Supply 430 410 390 370 350 330 310 290 P 270 250 40 80 120 180 200 240 280 320 360 400 QUANTITY (Tons of maize) If Burundi is open to international trade in maize without any restrictions, it will import tons of maize. Suppose the Burundian government wants to reduce imports to exactly 160 tons of maize to help domestic producers. A tariff of per ton will achieve this. A tariff set at this level would raise $ in revenue for the…mouzitive Assignments The graph below depicts the impact of a tariff in the market for shoes. If a nation initially participates in free trade and enjoys a price of $100 per pair of shoes, then a 20% shoe tariff would reduce the welfare of domestic consumers by the total of areas A, B, PS, and T. Of these areas representing a loss to domestic consumers, click on the area(s) that would become a gain to foreign producers if the tariff were replaced with a quota for the same quantity of imports. Tariff Price Po $140 P $120 P $100- InQuizitive for Principles of Macroeconomics PS Click or tap the appropriate place in the image. Qoz Imports with a tariff Q₁ Imports without Qw Soomestic only Swith tri Domestic Sree trade Quantity (shoes)The following graph shows the domestic supply of and demand for maize in Panama. The world price (Pw) of maize is $250 per ton and is represented by the horizontal black line. Throughout the question, assume that the amount demanded by any one country does not affect the world price of maize and that there are no transportation or transaction costs associated with international trade in maize. Also, assume that domestic suppliers will satisfy domestic demand as much as possible before any exporting or importing takes place. PRICE (Dollars per ton) 475 450 425 400 375 350 325 300 275 250 225 Domestic Demand 0 10 20 Domestic Supply 30 40 50 60 70 QUANTITY (Tans of maize) PW A tariff set at this level would raise $ 80 90 100 If Panama is open to international trade in maize without any restrictions, it will import Suppose the Panamanian government wants to reduce imports to exactly 20 tons of maize to help domestic producers. A tariff of $ achieve this. tons of maize. in revenue for the…