Question 23 Sickle Cell Anemia Sickle cell anemia is a group of blood disorders that develop when a person inherits a specific recessive gene mutation Gene mutations are permanent changes in a genetic sequence. The sickle cell mutation affects the structure of hemoglobin; hemoglobin allows red blood cells to carry oxygen. In order for a person to have sickle cell anemia, they have to inherit two copies of the recessive allele, one from each parent. The diagram shows the genotypes of an unaffected person and a person with sickle cell anemia Normal genotype DNA GAC ► II Pause Q Zoom Amino acid sequence Leucine GGA C mRNA CUGACUCCU GAG GAG Glutamic Glutamic acid acid Normal DNA G Threonine Proline Sickle cell anemia genotype с TG GGA CAC CTC mRNA CUGACUCCU GUGGAG Amino acid sequence Leucine Threonine Proline Valine Mutant Glutamic acid Normal red blood cells Sickled red blood cells Which statement explains why the structure of sickle cells differs from normal red blood cells? The gene mutation inhibited the cell's ability to produce tRNA The gene mutation prohibited DNA replication. The gene mutation affected the cell's ability to produce ATP. The gene mutation affected protein synthesis. The gene mutation inhibited the cell's ability to form ribosomes.

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We generally tend to think of proteins only from a dietary lens, as a component of what we eat. However, they are among the most important and abundant organic macromolecules in the human body, with diverse structures and functions. Every cell contains thousands and thousands of proteins, each with specific functions. Some help in the formation of cellular membrane or walls, some help the cell to move, others act as messages or signals and flow seamlessly from one cell to another, carrying information.  

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The method by which living organisms synthesize proteins and further modify and regulate them is called protein expression. Protein expression plays a significant role in several types of research and is highly utilized in molecular biology, biochemistry, and protein research laboratories.