Question 2 (Soalan 21 The state of plane stress at a point is represented by the element as shown in Figure Q2. The state of plane stress at the point is uniquely represented by two normal stress components 170 MPa and 430 MPa and one shear stress component 320 MPa acting on an element that has a specific orientation at the point. (a) Determine the state of stress at the point on another element oriented 34° clockwise from position as shown in Figure Q2. Show the results on each element. (b) Calculate the principal stress and specify the orientation (angle) of the element in each case. Show the results on each element. (c) Plane stress transformation is able to have a graphical solution that is easy to remember. Using Mohr's circle, calculate the maximum in-plane shear stress and average normal stress. Demonstrate the orientation of the element in each case.

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Methods to Determine Vertical Stress

The load applied to the soil is transferred to the underground. The presence of water at soil pores and solid grains above the soil are the primary components that are responsible for the effective load transfer. Due to the load acting, the internal component of the soil or the underground formations undergoes deformations or a tectonic shift. The amount of deformation depends upon the amount of load acting on the soil surface, which indeed, depends on the weight of everything present above the soil. Due to this, the underground soil element develops internal stresses which try to resist the tectonic changes.