Question 1. A mouse of mass m and an elephant of unknown mass stand on the right and left hand side, respectively, of a hydraulic lift. The elephant is a height h above the mouse and stands on a piston of area AL. The mouse stands on a piston of area AR. Let the density of the fluid in the hydraulic lift have a density of p. The system is in static equilibrium. Use gauge pressure throughout. AL A -point Figure 1: Setup for question 1 (a) Explain the difference between gauge and absolute pressure (b) What is the pressure at point A? 1 (c) What is the pressure directly below where the elephant stands? (d) Determine the elephant's mass

(a) What is the pressure drop due to the Bernoulli effect as water goes into a 3.00-cm-diameter nozzle from a 9.00-cm-diameter fire hose while carrying a flow of 40.0 L/S? (b) To what maximum height above the nozzle can this water rise? (The actual height will be significantly smaller due to air resistance.)

What is the difference between flow rate and fluid velocity? How are they related?

Pressure in the spinal fluid is measured as shown in Figure 11.43. If the pressure in the spinal fluid is 10.0 mm Hg: (a) What is the reading of the water manometer in cm water? (b) What is the reading if the person sits up, placing the top of the fluid 60 cm above the tap? The fluid density is 1.05 g/mL. Figure 11.43 A water manometer used to measure pressure in the spinal fluid. The height of the fluid in the manometer is measured relative to the spinal column, and the manometer is open to the atmosphere. The measured pressure will be considerably greater if the person sits up.

(a) Using Bernoulli's equation, show that the measured fluid speed v for a pitot tube, like the one in Figure 12.7(b), is given by v=( 2gh)1/2 , where h is the height of the manometer fluid, is the density of the manometer fluid, is the density of the moving fluid, and g is the acceleration due to gravity. (Note that v is indeed proportional to the square root of h, as stated in the text.) (b) Calculate v for moving air if a mercury manometer's h is 0.200 m. Figure 12.7 Measurement of fluid speed based on Bernoulli's principle. (a) A manometer is connected to two that are close together and small enough not to disturb the flow. Tube 1 is open at the end facing the flow. A dead spot having zero speed is created there. Tube 2 has an opening on the side, and so the fluid has a speed V across the opening; thus, pressure there drops. The difference in pressure at the manometer is 12v22 , and so h is proportional to 12v22 . (b) This type of velocity measuring device is a Prandtl tube, also known as a pitot tube.

A large storage tank with an open top is filled to a height h0. The tank is punctured at a height h above the bottom of the tank (Fig. P15.39). Find an expression for how far from the tank the exiting stream lands. Figure P15.39

Figure 11.35(a) shows the effect of tube radius on the height to which capillary action can raise a fluid. (a) Calculate the height h for water in a glass tube with a radius of 0.900 cm—a rather large tube like the one on the left. (b) What is the radius of the glass tube on the right if it raises water to 4.00 cm?

(a) Verify that a 19.0% decrease in laminar flow through a tube is caused by a 5.00% decrease in radius, assuming that all other factors remain constant, as stated in the text. (b) What increase in flow is obtained from a 5.00% increase in radius, again assuming all other factors remain constant?

Water is moving at a velocity of 2.00 m/s through a hose with internal diameter of 1.60 cm. (a) What is the flow rate in liters per second? (b) The fluid velocity in this hose's nozzle is 15.0 m/s. What is the nozzle's inside diameter?

The pressure drop along a length of artery is 100 Pa, the radius is 10 mm, and the flow is laminar. The average speed of the blood is 15 mm/s. (a) What is the net force on the blood in this section of artery? (b) What is the power expended maintaining the flow?