Question 1: Newton's and Euler-Langrange's methods Assume a particle of mass m subject to a force F = F(z). It's velocity at time ta is va and at a later time t, > ta its velocity is v. (1a) - Express the Newton's 2nd law of motion for this particle. - Prove the conservation of energy theorem for conservative and non-conservative forces. - If the force is conservative show that the sum of the particle's kinetic and potential energy is constant in time. (1ь) - Define the particle's Lagrangian function assuming the force is conservative. - Express the Euler-Lagrange (E-L) equation-of-motion for this particle. - Show that the E-L equations lead to the Newton's 2nd law. (lc) What is the work of the force on the particle from time t, to time t, if v, - 2 m/s and Us - 1 m/s and m - 1 kg. If the force is conservative and the potential energy at time ta is zero, then what is its potential energy at time t,?
Stellar evolution
We may see thousands of stars in the dark sky. Our universe consists of billions of stars. Stars may appear tiny to us but they are huge balls of gasses. Sun is a star of average size. Some stars are even a thousand times larger than the sun. The stars do not exist forever they have a certain lifetime. The life span of the sun is about 10 billion years. The star undergoes various changes during its lifetime, this process is called stellar evolution. The structure of the sun-like star is shown below.
Red Shift
It is an astronomical phenomenon. In this phenomenon, increase in wavelength with corresponding decrease in photon energy and frequency of radiation of light. It is the displacement of spectrum of any kind of astronomical object to the longer wavelengths (red) side.
Step by step
Solved in 4 steps