Question 1 Eve Emerson commenced trading as a retailer of hill walking kit on 1 April 2020. Eve's business has traded profitably, and she has given you the following details of her business activities for the 12 months ended 31 March 2021. £ Sales 143,000 Inventory at 31 March 2021 Distribution costs 42,000 16,000 Purchases 97,000 2,200 3,000 2,870 Trade payables Accruals Receivables Cash at bank 419 Administrative expenses 1,400 Insurance 900 Notes 1) Inventory at 1 April 2020 was £23,230. 2) Non-current assets (at cost on 1 April 2020) were £120,000. 3) Non -current assets at cost comprised buildings (£80,000), fixtures and fittings (£20,000) and a car (£20,000). Annual depreciation is to be provided at 10% on a straight line basis on fixtures and fittings, and at 25% on a reducing balance basis on cars. 4) Insurance was paid for a 12 month period commencing 1 October 2020. 5) Eve withdrew £200 from the business each month for her own purposes. Eve lives alone and has no other source of income. Required Prepare the Statement of Profit and Loss and the Statement of Financial Position for the year ended 31 March 2021. You will have to use balancing figures where necessary. Calculate the Gross Profit Margin and the Quick Ratio, and briefly assess the performance of Eve's business in its first year.
Reporting Cash Flows
Reporting of cash flows means a statement of cash flow which is a financial statement. A cash flow statement is prepared by gathering all the data regarding inflows and outflows of a company. The cash flow statement includes cash inflows and outflows from various activities such as operating, financing, and investment. Reporting this statement is important because it is the main financial statement of the company.
Balance Sheet
A balance sheet is an integral part of the set of financial statements of an organization that reports the assets, liabilities, equity (shareholding) capital, other short and long-term debts, along with other related items. A balance sheet is one of the most critical measures of the financial performance and position of the company, and as the name suggests, the statement must balance the assets against the liabilities and equity. The assets are what the company owns, and the liabilities represent what the company owes. Equity represents the amount invested in the business, either by the promoters of the company or by external shareholders. The total assets must match total liabilities plus equity.
Financial Statements
Financial statements are written records of an organization which provide a true and real picture of business activities. It shows the financial position and the operating performance of the company. It is prepared at the end of every financial cycle. It includes three main components that are balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.
Owner's Capital
Before we begin to understand what Owner’s capital is and what Equity financing is to an organization, it is important to understand some basic accounting terminologies. A double-entry bookkeeping system Normal account balances are those which are expected to have either a debit balance or a credit balance, depending on the nature of the account. An asset account will have a debit balance as normal balance because an asset is a debit account. Similarly, a liability account will have the normal balance as a credit balance because it is amount owed, representing a credit account. Equity is also said to have a credit balance as its normal balance. However, sometimes the normal balances may be reversed, often due to incorrect journal or posting entries or other accounting/ clerical errors.
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