Question 1 a- Design the dowel bars for an expansion joint (Z = 0.5 in), the critical dowel will carry a load of 1700 Ib. What is the diameter (b') for the dowel bar, which will provide safe concrete the bearing stress? b- A9 in thick rigid pavement, having slabs 15 ft wide and 60 ft long subjected to a single tire load of 10 kips, 100psi. If (k = 110 pci, E = 4 * 106 psi, u= 0.15, et = 5 x 10-6 in/in/"F). The temperature difference between top and bottom were found to be 50° F (noon). 1. Calculate edge stress due to load? 2. Calculate edge stress due to Temperature?

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Methods to Determine Vertical Stress

The load applied to the soil is transferred to the underground. The presence of water at soil pores and solid grains above the soil are the primary components that are responsible for the effective load transfer. Due to the load acting, the internal component of the soil or the underground formations undergoes deformations or a tectonic shift. The amount of deformation depends upon the amount of load acting on the soil surface, which indeed, depends on the weight of everything present above the soil. Due to this, the underground soil element develops internal stresses which try to resist the tectonic changes.