Quality Chemicals Ltd manufactures a chemical compound which is widely used in industrial cleaning. The compound is made from a small number of chemical products. One of these raw materials, Chemical X, is bought from a supplier in a developing country. Chemical Xis scarce and is available from only a fe global suppliers. In its untreated form, Chemical X is also toxic and can cause serious damage to the health of individuals who are exposed to it it is also known that the local environment around factories that produce Chemical Xare subject to extensive contamination. few A few months ago, Quality Chemicals Ltd reneweda long-term agreement with the supplier for the purchase of Chemical X Senior management are aware of the health and environmental risks associated with Chemical X, but did not see that these had any relevance to its own business. The toxic effects of the chemical are eliminated by its treatment in the production process that Quality Chemicals uses to make its own chemical compound. Following a major industrial accident one week ago at the main manufacturing site of the supplier of Chemical X, there has been a widespread and intensive reporting campaign in the press and television. The dangers of Chemical X have become a matter of widespread public debate, and a television program has identified Quality Chemicals as a major user of the product. An action group has been formed that seeks to ban the import of Chemical X into the country and for the closure of Quality Chemicals manufacturing sites. The board of directors of Quality Chemicals Ltd believe that the public concerm is excessive and unjustified, but the directors now recognise that they should have done much more to report on the risks from Chemical X, and the measures taken to deal with them, in their social and environmental report Exolsio theee faction thi ming O Explain three reasons in favour of reporting social and environmental risks in a company's sustainability report.
Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis
Cost Volume Profit (CVP) analysis is a cost accounting method that analyses the effect of fluctuating cost and volume on the operating profit. Also known as break-even analysis, CVP determines the break-even point for varying volumes of sales and cost structures. This information helps the managers make economic decisions on a short-term basis. CVP analysis is based on many assumptions. Sales price, variable costs, and fixed costs per unit are assumed to be constant. The analysis also assumes that all units produced are sold and costs get impacted due to changes in activities. All costs incurred by the company like administrative, manufacturing, and selling costs are identified as either fixed or variable.
Marginal Costing
Marginal cost is defined as the change in the total cost which takes place when one additional unit of a product is manufactured. The marginal cost is influenced only by the variations which generally occur in the variable costs because the fixed costs remain the same irrespective of the output produced. The concept of marginal cost is used for product pricing when the customers want the lowest possible price for a certain number of orders. There is no accounting entry for marginal cost and it is only used by the management for taking effective decisions.
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