Q5/A/ A line (4.5)km long was measured with a steel tape under a pull of (15)kg , the field temperature during the first (2.3)km was (32)C and (35)C during the latter part of the measurements, if the standard pull and temperature were (5)kin and (20)C respectively. Find the correct length of the line , the data given was as follows :- A-0.017cm ² , coefficient of expansion a = 2.1 10 kg/cm 3.5 10 E=

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Asphalt Binders and Mixtures

Asphalt binders are subsidiary products procured during the refining process of petroleum while manufacturing gasoline, diesel, and similar petroleum products. Asphalt binders are obtained from the residue that remains after the distillation of petroleum, this residue is further subjected to steam distillation and oxidation to remove the traces of gas oil present in the residue. Certain additives or modifiers are also added to asphalt binders to alter them to suit different applications.