Q5. A possible ion-molecule reaction mechanism for the synthesis of ammonia in interstellar gas clouds is shown below. N+ + H2 ® NH+ + H k1 NH+ + H2 ® NH2+ + H k2 NH2+ + H2 ® NH3+ + H k3 NH3+ + H2 ® NH4+ + H k4 NH4+ + e- ® NH3 + H k5 NH4+ + e- ® NH2 + 2H k6 Use the steady-state approximation to derive equations for the concentrations of the intermediates NH+, NH2+, NH3+ and NH4+ in terms of the reactant concentrations [N+], [H2] and [e-]. Treat the electrons as you would any other reactant. b) Show that the overall rate of productionmjngbh of NH3 is given by d[NH3]/dt = (k1k5/k5+k6) [N+][H2] c) What is the origin of the activation energy in a chemical reaction? d) The rates of many ion-molecule reactions show virtually no dependence on temperature. (i) What does this imply about their activation energy? (ii) What relevance does this have to reactions occurring in the interstellar medium
Q5. A possible ion-molecule reaction mechanism for the synthesis of ammonia in interstellar gas clouds is shown below. N+ + H2 ® NH+ + H k1 NH+ + H2 ® NH2+ + H k2 NH2+ + H2 ® NH3+ + H k3 NH3+ + H2 ® NH4+ + H k4 NH4+ + e- ® NH3 + H k5 NH4+ + e- ® NH2 + 2H k6 Use the steady-state approximation to derive equations for the concentrations of the intermediates NH+, NH2+, NH3+ and NH4+ in terms of the reactant concentrations [N+], [H2] and [e-]. Treat the electrons as you would any other reactant. b) Show that the overall rate of productionmjngbh of NH3 is given by d[NH3]/dt = (k1k5/k5+k6) [N+][H2] c) What is the origin of the activation energy in a chemical reaction? d) The rates of many ion-molecule reactions show virtually no dependence on temperature. (i) What does this imply about their activation energy? (ii) What relevance does this have to reactions occurring in the interstellar medium
Q5. A possible ion-molecule reaction mechanism for the synthesis of ammonia in interstellar gas clouds is shown below. N+ + H2 ® NH+ + H k1 NH+ + H2 ® NH2+ + H k2 NH2+ + H2 ® NH3+ + H k3 NH3+ + H2 ® NH4+ + H k4 NH4+ + e- ® NH3 + H k5 NH4+ + e- ® NH2 + 2H k6 Use the steady-state approximation to derive equations for the concentrations of the intermediates NH+, NH2+, NH3+ and NH4+ in terms of the reactant concentrations [N+], [H2] and [e-]. Treat the electrons as you would any other reactant. b) Show that the overall rate of productionmjngbh of NH3 is given by d[NH3]/dt = (k1k5/k5+k6) [N+][H2] c) What is the origin of the activation energy in a chemical reaction? d) The rates of many ion-molecule reactions show virtually no dependence on temperature. (i) What does this imply about their activation energy? (ii) What relevance does this have to reactions occurring in the interstellar medium
Q5. A possible ion-molecule reaction mechanism for the synthesis of ammonia in interstellar gas clouds is shown below.
N+ + H2 ® NH+ + H k1
NH+ + H2 ® NH2+ + H k2
NH2+ + H2 ® NH3+ + H k3
NH3+ + H2 ® NH4+ + H k4
NH4+ + e- ® NH3 + H k5
NH4+ + e- ® NH2 + 2H k6
Use the steady-state approximation to derive equations for the concentrations of the intermediates NH+, NH2+, NH3+ and NH4+ in terms of the reactant concentrations [N+], [H2] and [e-]. Treat the electrons as you would any other reactant.
b) Show that the overall rate of productionmjngbh of NH3 is given by
d[NH3]/dt = (k1k5/k5+k6) [N+][H2]
c) What is the origin of the activation energy in a chemical reaction?
d) The rates of many ion-molecule reactions show virtually no dependence on temperature.
(i) What does this imply about their activation energy?
(ii) What relevance does this have to reactions occurring in the interstellar medium
Definition Definition Transformation of a chemical species into another chemical species. A chemical reaction consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new ones by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
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