Q4: A rectangular beam has the dimensions shown in figure below. Tensile strength in bending (modulus of rupture) is 3.5 N/mm². Determine the stresses caused by a bending moment M = 63 kN.m and whether concrete will crack at tension side or not. As (5 $ 16 mm) = 1000 mm² f'c = 25 N/mm² fy = 414 N/mm² Es = 200000 N/mm², Ec= 20000 N/mm² 625 250 y

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System of Forces

A force is an external influence or agent that changes the state of a system. According to Newton's second law, the force applied to a body is proportional to the change in momentum of a body. Hence, whenever a force is applied to a body, its momentum changes. If the body is at rest, under the action of force, its state of rest changes to motion. In other words, the magnitude of the momentum of the body changes from zero to a measurable value. Similarly, if the body possesses some initial velocity, it has some associated momentum, the effect of force can cause the body to halt or come to rest, that is, the momentum reduces to zero.