Q3. Consider the following LOG, where “;" is used to separate consecutive LOG entries. T8 write E ; T8 commit ; checkpoint ; T5 write A ; T1 write B; T4 write C ; T2 write B; T2 commit ; T4 write A ; T4 commit ; T1 write D ; T5 write E; CRASH, RESTART 3.a Describe the recovery actions that are needed, if the deferred update method is used. 3.b Describe the recovery actions that are needed, if the immediate update method, where a commitis allowed to take place before the database disk updates of the transaction are completed, is used.

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