Q3. A spark-ignition engine is running on a dynamometer test stand and the following measurements of the exhaust products are made: CO₂ = 12.47%, CO = 0.12%, O₂ = 2.3%, C6H14 (equivalent) = 367 ppm, NO = 76 ppm. All concentrations are by volume on a dry basis. The engine is fueled with isooctane. Determine the emission index of the unburned hydrocarbons expressed as equivalent hexane. The molar mass of hexane = 86.2 and isooctane is 114.2 kg/kmol.

Q: 11.-What is the work of the isobaric process (from point C to point D)?

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Work and Heat Transfer

It is generally related to thermal engineering which tells about the use, creation, conversion and transfer of heat energy between the systems. It is also considered that to transfer heat from one source to another, transfer of masses is also required. There are various mechanisms by which, transfer of heat takes place i.e. thermal conduction, convection, radiation or by change of phase. All these mechanisms have their own specific features which sometimes occur simultaneously within the same system.