Q3 (a) (i) (ii) With the aid of a suitable sketch and in your own words, outline the basic characteristics of strain gauges and explain why they are widely used in industrial weighing systems. A strain gauge is used as a sensor to convert the weight of an object into a voltage signal through an interfacing circuit, as shown in Figure 3.1. Rs is the resistance of the strain gauge whilst R₁ = 1 ks and VDD = 5 V. Derive an equation for the output of the circuit (Vo). With the aid of a suitable sketch, discuss the linearity of the circuit in relation to the weight.

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Thermistors

A thermistor is a special type of resistor whose resistance is more temperature-dependent than standard resistors.  The resistance of the thermistor decreases with increasing temperature. This is the basic principle of thermistors. This allows the thermistor circuit to detect very small temperature changes that cannot be observed with the Resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) or the thermocouples. Since the resistance of a thermistor is temperature dependent, it can be connected to an electrical circuit to measure body temperature. This high sensitivity to temperature changes makes thermistors very useful for accurately controlling and calibrating temperature measurements. In general, resistance increases with increasing temperature in most metals, but thermistors react negatively.