Q22. A bit string, 0111101111101111110, needs to be transmitted at the data link layer. What is the string actually transmitted after bit stuffing?
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- A bit string, 0111101111101111110, needs to be transmitted at the data link layer. What is the string actually transmitted after bit stuffng? Write a computer code to do this job.A framing protocol deploys the bit stuffing for the data transmission process. Frame that is transmitted across the link is 01011111 01110011111 00 11111 111110. Mark the stuffed bits in this sequence.A bit string, 0111101111101111110, needs to be transmitted at the data link layer: What is the string actually transmitted after bit stuffing?
- 4. Compare and contrast byte-stuffing and bit-stuffing. Which technique is used in byte-oriented protocols? Which technique is used in bit-oriented protocols?Suppose that a packet’s payload consists of 10 eight-bit values (e.g., representing ten ASCII-encoded characters) shown below. (Here, we have arranged the ten eight-bit values as five sixteen-bit values). Compute the two-dimensional parity bits for the 5 rows (starting from the top). Combine the bits into one string. 01111001 00111000 11111001 00111000 11011111 11011101 01101010 00110010 10110110 01110010Suppose you are hired to design a reliable byte-stream protocol that uses a sliding window (like TCP). This protocol will run over a 50-Mbps network, the RTT of the network is 80 ms and the maximum segment lifetime is 60 seconds. How many bits would you include in the Advertised Window and Sequence Num fields of your protocol header?
- Suppose the sender wants to send the following bit stream by using bit stuffing. What would the sender transmit if the following flags are used? What percent of the transmitted data is overhead for each of these cases? 00001111000001111100000011111100000001111111 a. FLAG 01111110 b. FLAG 011110 c. FLAG 0110Answer true or false to the following questions and briefly justify your answer: The alternating-bit protocol is the same as the GBN protocol with a sender and receiver window size of 1.UDP and TCP Use 1s complement for their checksums. Suppose you have the following three bytes: 10101110, 10101001, 00101011 what is the 1s complement of the sum of these three bytes?
- Consider 7-bit messages that we encode into 11-bit codewords using 4 parity bits. Thus our codewords look like: ⟨a, b, c, d, e, f, g, p1, p2, p3, p4⟩ where a, b, c, d, e, f, g are the original 7-bits of the message, and p1, p2, p3, p4 are 4 parity bits. Recall the two properties from Tutorial 2: (0) each bit of the original message appears in at least two parity bits, and(1) no two bits of the original message appear in exactly the same set of parity bits. For the following proposed parity bits, select whether they satisfy property (0), property (1), both, or neither. p1 = a ⊕ ep2 = b ⊕ e ⊕ fp3 = c ⊕ f ⊕ gp4 = d ⊕ g Question 3 options: a neither property b both properties c only property (0) d only property (1)Consider 7-bit messages that we encode into 11-bit codewords using 4 parity bits. Thus our codewords look like: ⟨a, b, c, d, e, f, g, p1, p2, p3, p4⟩ where a, b, c, d, e, f, g are the original 7-bits of the message, and p1, p2, p3, p4 are 4 parity bits. Recall the two properties from Tutorial 2: (0) each bit of the original message appears in at least two parity bits, and(1) no two bits of the original message appear in exactly the same set of parity bits. For the following proposed parity bits, select whether they satisfy property (0), property (1), both, or neither. p1 = a ⊕ d ⊕ ep2 = a ⊕ b ⊕ e ⊕ fp3 = b ⊕ c ⊕ f ⊕ gp4 = c ⊕ d ⊕ g Question 1 options: a neither property b both properties c only property (0) d only property (1)UDP and TCP use one’s complement for the checksum. Suppose you have the flowing four 8-bit data in a datagram: 10011011, 01011100, 11001101. 10101001 a) What is the one’s complement of the sum of the four? Show your work. b) Is it possible that a 1-bit error will go undetected? Is it possible that a 2-bit error will go undetected?