Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
![011. The atoms that can exceed the octet is?
B. N
A.P
C. B
Q12. The number of orbitals and the maximum number of electrons in in shell n= 3 respectively are?
C. 2 and 4
A. 9 and 18
B. 4 and 8
D. 6 and 18
Q13. The energy (J) change associated with an electron transition from n = 2 to n = 5 in a H atom is?
A. -4.58 x 10-19
B. +4.58 x 10-19
C.-3.29 x 10-19
D. +3.29 x 10-19
Q14. Ionization energy is a measure of?
A. The energy needed to remove an electron from a gaseous atom
B. The energy change when an electron is added to a gaseous atom.
C. The attraction by an atom for electrons in a chemical bond.
D. The magnitude of the negative charge on a molecule.
Q15. The electronic configuration for Crt³ is?
A. [Ar]3d³
B. [Ar]4s23d¹
C. [Ar]3d4
Q16. Calculate 56.21 x 9.2057 using significant number rules.
A. 517.45
B. 517.5
C. 517
017. There are ------ and ------ 7 bonds in the H₂C-C=CH2 molecule.
A. 4.2
B. 6, 2
C. 2, 2
Q19. In which case is the bond polarity incorrect?
A. B-Fo
B. +F-08-
Q18. What is hybridization of the nitrogen atom in the ion NO3¹-
A. sp
B. sp²
C. sp³
C. 8¹ C-Bro-
D. F
Q20. Which correctly describes experimental data if the exact value 5.50?
The experimental data 5.49, 5.50, 5.51, 5.49, and 5.52
A. Precise, but not accurate
C. Both accurate and precise
D. [Ar]4s¹3d²
D. 517.452
D. 2.6
D. sp³d
D. °*Si-0⁰-
B. Accurate, but not precise
D. Neither accurate nor precise](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F0612b9e4-1f58-4f3c-8504-51584728bccd%2F0a8c72ba-5596-4aa1-9b66-a3c64752ab9c%2Fv2df13l_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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