Q11 Criticize the statement below on theoretical and experimental grounds. Be specific and precise. Refer to your own experiments, or describe any new experiments you perform: “A flashlight battery always puts out the same amount of current, no matter what is connected to it."
Q11 Criticize the statement below on theoretical and experimental grounds. Be specific and precise. Refer to your own experiments, or describe any new experiments you perform: “A flashlight battery always puts out the same amount of current, no matter what is connected to it."
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at that speed would take about 100 min to travel through
one of your connecting wires. Why, then, does the bulb light
immediately when the connecting wire is attached to the battery?
Q11 Criticize the statement below on theoretical and
experimental grounds. Be specific and precise. Refer to your own
experiments, or describe any new experiments you perform: “A
flashlight battery always puts out the same amount of current, no
A
в с D Е
F
Location in circuit
matter what is connected to it."
Q12 What is the difference between emf and electric potential
Figure 18.88
difference?
Q15 Some students intended to run a light bulb off two batteries
in series in the usual way, but they accidentally hooked up one
of the batteries backwards, as shown in Figure 18.89 (the bulb is
shown as a thin filament).
Q13 Compare the direction of the average electric field inside
a battery to the direction of the electric field in the wires and
resistors of a circuit.
Q14 In the circuit shown in Figure 18.87, bulbs 1 and 2 are
identical in mechanical construction (the filaments have the same
length and the same cross-sectional area), but the filaments are
made of different metals. The electron mobility in the metal used
in bulb 2 is three times as large as the electron mobility in the
metal used in bulb 1, but both metals have the same number of
mobile electrons per cubic meter. The two bulbs are connected
in series to two batteries with thick copper wires (like your
connecting wires).
Figure 18.89
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756 Chapter 18 Electric Field and Circuits
(a) Use +'s and –'s to show the approximate steady-state charge
distribution along the wires and bulb. (b) Draw vectors for the
electric field at the indicated locations inside the connecting wires
and bulb. (c) Compare the brightness of the bulb in this circuit
with the brightness the bulb would have had if one of the batteries
hadn't been put in backwards. (d) Try the experiment to check
your analysis. Does the bulb glow about as you predicted?
the locations indicated, paying attention to relative magnitude.
(b) Carefully draw pluses and minuses on your diagram to
show the approximate surface charge distribution that produces
the electric field you drew. Make your drawing show clearly the
differences between regions of high surface charge density and
regions of low surface-charge density. Use your diagram to
determine which of the following statements about this circuit are
true. (1) There is some excess negative charge on the surface of
the wire near location B. (2) Inside the metal wire the magnitude
of the electric field is zero. (3) The magnitude of the electric field
is the same at locations G and C. (4) The electric field points
to the left at location G. (5) There is no excess charge on the
surface of the wire. (6) There is excess charge on the surface of
the wire near the batteries but nowhere else. (7) The magnitude
of the electric field inside the wire is larger at location G than at
location C. (8) The electric field at location D points to the left.
(9) Because the current is not changing, the circuit is in static
equilibrium.
019 In the circuit shown in Figure 18.91, all of the wiretings to activate Windows.
is made of Nichrome, but one segment has a much smaller
cross-sectional area On a cony of this diaoram using the same
Q16 For each of the following experiments, state what effect you
observed (how the current in the circuit was affected) and why,
in terms of the relationships:
electron current = nAv and v= uE
Effect on
Circle the Parameter(s)
Current (Be
Quantitative)
That Changed and
Explain Briefly
Experiment
Double the length
nAu E
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Double the
n A u E
cross-sectional area
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