Q1. Prove that the minimum thickness of a spherical shell which can withstand the internal pressure without failure is (t=Pd/40), and calculate the maximum internal fluid pressure if the outside diameter of the sphere is 600 mm and the inside diameter is 57 cm. Assume yield and ultimate strength of material are 420 MPa ad 600 MPa respectively. The factor of safety is 3.

Q: For the given state of stress. determine the normal and shearing stresses exerted on the oblique…

A: The result and conclusion are attached here in next few steps:

Q: he primary and secondary shear loads on bolt P

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A: d1 = 56 mm d2 = 52 mm T1 = 2.5 kN.m T2 = 1.5 kN.m

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Combined Loading

Any functioning component, such as machine parts, structural members, pressure vessels, and so on, are all under the influence of more than one force. When anybody is under the influence of more than one force such as shear forces, bending moments, axial forces, torsion, and so on, then such body is said to be under combined loading. A very practical example of combined loading is the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine (IC engine). The crankshaft of the IC engine is under high rpm, which is caused due to the torsional forces. Due to the presence of piston, counterbalances, and internal imbalances, the crankshaft experiences lateral forces and due to the rise in temperature, the crankshaft undergoes thermal expansion, which pulls the crankshaft along the axial direction and lateral direction. The presence of unbalanced loads along the periphery of the crankshaft also induces a bending moment.