Q1. A forward-feed double-effect evaporator,having 10 m2 of heating surface in each effect, isused to concentrate 1 kg/s of caustic sodasolution from 10 per cent by mass to 30%.During a particular run, when the feed is at 373K, the pressures in the two calandrias are 375and 180 kN/m2 respectively, while thecondenser operates at 30 kN/m². For these:conditions, calculate.the load on the condenser (a)the steam economy (b)the overall heat transfer coefficient in each (c).effectWould there have been any advantages in usingbackward feed in this case? Heat losses to the.surroundings are negligible :Physical properties of caustic soda solutionsSpecific BoilingHeat ofheatpoint Concentrationdilution,сарacityrise% wtkJ/kgkJ/kg Kdeg K3.851.6102.33.726.1209.33.6415.0302.23.2241.650

From the given data: λ0=2141kJkgλ1=2211kJkgλ2=2370kJkg0 Making a heat balance around stage…

Q1. A forward-feed double-effect evaporator, having 10 m2 of heating surface in each effect, is used to concentrate 1 kg/s of caustic soda solution from 10 per cent by mass to 30%. During a particular run, when the feed is at 373 K the pressures in the t wo calandrias are 375

Q1. A forward-feed double-effect evaporator, having 10 m2 of heating surface in each effect, is used to concentrate 1 kg/s of caustic soda solution from 10 per cent by mass to 30%. During a particular run, when the feed is at 373 K the pressures in the t wo calandrias are 375

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technology (MindTap Course List)

8th Edition

ISBN:9781305578296

Author:John Tomczyk, Eugene Silberstein, Bill Whitman, Bill Johnson

Publisher:John Tomczyk, Eugene Silberstein, Bill Whitman, Bill Johnson

Chapter3: Refrigeration And Refrigerants

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 31RQ: Define a near-azeotropic refrigerant blend, and give twoexamples.

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3.) An ammonia compressor operates at evaporator pressure of 316.02 kPa and a condenser pressure of 1557 kPa. A twin-cylinder compressor with bore to stroke ratio of 0.85 is to used at 1200 rpm. The actual volumetric efficiency is 92% and compression and mechanical efficiency is 78% and 80% respectively. For a cooling capacity of 25 TR, (a) the sketch the p-h diagram labeling the evaporating and condensing temperature and pressures (b) define the all properties of ammonia taken from saturation table. Determine (c) the quantity of cooling water in the condenser in kg/min if the increase in temperature is 8°C, (d) the bore and stroke expressed in cm and (e) the size of the driving motor in hp. Given: h2 = h at 1557 kPa and s2 = s1 1695 kJ/kg
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Consider an ideal Hampson-Linde cycle in which no heat is lost to the environment. Use the data in attached Table to calculate the fraction of nitrogen liquefied on each pass through a Hampson-Linde cycle operating between 1 bar and 100 bars, with an input temperature of 300 K. Assume that the heat exchanger works perfectly, so the temperature of the low pressure gas coming out of it is the same as the temperature of the high-pressure gas going in. Repeat the calculation for an input temperature of 200 K.
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1. A. Using the Steam Tables, determine the amount of cooling water needed by a condenser in kg/sec if wet steam comes into the condenser at P= 610.44mmHG vac and 99.47 % moisture, mass flow rate= 7200+ (X/SN) kg/hr. Cooling water enters the condenser at 12 deg C and leaves at 21 deg C. Answer: B. Draw the schematic diagram of the condenser and process in the PV and TS diagrams below. Cp H20 = 4.187 KJ/(kg-K): Schematic diagram of heat exchanger =condenser S 2. Use only the MD below to solve this Item; use it by plotting data and process to determine items being asked. Steam enters a turbine at 117.4308 atmgage and 932 deg. F, and expands isentropicaly to 177.17 inches of Hg. For 2 + (X/SN) kg/sec of steam, what is (a) the ideal work done (KI/sec) if AKE = 0 and actual exhaust enthalpy is 2700 KI/kg. a)Ans: (b)ne =_ (c)Determine: (e) Actual steam temp ideal steam moisture at exhaust. Ans: at the exhaust. Ans. g) change in entropy during the actual process. Ans 3000 2500 2000…
1. A. Using the Steam Tables, determine the amount of cooling water needed by a condenser in kg/sec if wet steam comes into the condenser at P= 610.44mmHG vac and 99.47 % moisture , mass flow rate = 7200 + (SN/X) kg/hr. Cooling water enters the condenser at 12 deg C and leaves at 21 deg C. Answer: B. Draw the schematic diagram of the condenser and process in the PV ahd TS diagrams below. Cp H2O = 4.187 KJ/(kg-K): Schematic diagram of heat exchanger =condenser
Example 3.13. A regenerative air cooling system is used for an air plane to take 20 tonnes of refrigeration load. The ambient air at pressure 0.8 bar and temperature 10°C is rammed isentropically til the pressure rises to 1.2 bar. The air bled off the main compressor at 4.5 bar is cooled by the ram air in the heat exchanger whose effectiveness is 60%. The air from the heat exchanger is further cooled to 60°C in the regenerative heat exchanger with a portion of the air bled after expansion in the cooling turbine. The cabin is to be maintained at a temperature of 25°C and a pressure of 1 bar. If the isentropic efficiencies of the compressor and turbine are 90% and 80% respectively, find :
Q.18 What are the different types of compressors used in vapour compression plants? What are their limitations?
A single effect evaporator was used to concentrate 8000 kg / hr of tomato juice from 5% total solids to 30% total solids. The juice enters the Evaporator at 20 ° C. The evaporator is operated on Steam (80% quality) at 143.27 kPa. The vacuum in the evaporator allows the juice to boil at 75 ° C. The specific heat of the dilute material is 4.1 kJ / (kg ° C) and the concentrate product is 3.1 kJ / (kg ° C). Count it (a) Steam demand rate = Answerkg / hour. b. Steam economy when condensate temperature is released at 75 ° C. = Answer(kg of water evaporated / kg of steam)
4. The condensing pressure for a Rankıne engine Is I Calculate the net work for 1 kg of steam and the thermal efficiency when the steam at the beginning of expansion is at 50 bar and (a) saturated, (b) 350°C, and (c) 640°C. Ans. (a) 627.2 kJ/kg, 26.4%; (b) 727.3 kJ/kg, 27.5%; (c) 1079.49 kJ/kg, 32.35% ot 2 15 MPà
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