Q.4) A flanged-shaped beam section is subjected to an axial force of P = 10 kN, a shear-force of V = 20.6 kN, and a bending-moment of M = 2.2 kN-m, as shown below. The dimensions of the section as shown are b1 = 42 mm, b2 = 88 mm, t; = 8 mm, d = 90 mm, tw = 8 mm, and a = 21 mm. Determine the principal stresses and the maximum shear stress acting at points H and K. Also show these stresses on an appropriate sketch for each point. y H K K M b2

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System of Forces

A force is an external influence or agent that changes the state of a system. According to Newton's second law, the force applied to a body is proportional to the change in momentum of a body. Hence, whenever a force is applied to a body, its momentum changes. If the body is at rest, under the action of force, its state of rest changes to motion. In other words, the magnitude of the momentum of the body changes from zero to a measurable value. Similarly, if the body possesses some initial velocity, it has some associated momentum, the effect of force can cause the body to halt or come to rest, that is, the momentum reduces to zero.