Q.3 Set. (A) Determine a BFS spanning tree by applying the synchronous single-initiator spanning tree algorithm using flooding on the graph shown in Fig. 3. Assume node A to be the root node. Clearly show the round numbers in which the QUERY messages are sent by the different nodes. Determine the total number of QUERY messages that are discarded by the different nodes during the course of algorithm execution. A B F E D

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Eight puzzle problem

The N-puzzle problem contains N tiles (N+1 including empty tiles) where the value of N can be 8, 15, 24, etc. The puzzle is divided into the square root of (N+1) rows and the square root of (N+1) columns. These problems have an initial state or configuration and a goal state or configuration. The puzzle can be solved by shifting the tiles one by one in the empty space. The objective is to place the numbers on the tiles to match the final state using the empty space. The other name for the N-puzzle problem is the sliding puzzle.