Q) The following readings were obtained along the center line of a proposed road starting from BM601 and closed at BM602. The true elevation of BM602 is 49.70m. (1.05 Change points were stations: 0+00, 1+20, 2+40, 3+00. 1. Compute all elevations of the C.L. and check your calculation? 1.66 1.67 2.52 1.85 1.63 0.55 1.5 2.07 2.01 1.185 -1.005). 2. Calculate the misclosure error. 3. Complete the elevations of the designed road if you know that Grade 1 (from 0+00 to 2+50) is increasing by +0.3m %. Grade 2 (from 2+50 to the end) is decreasing by -0.16m %. 4. Determine the depth of cut or height of fall 5. Draw a longitudinal section along the center line at a suitable horizontal scale and vertical scale according to the dimensions of the down box.

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Asphalt Binders and Mixtures

Asphalt binders are subsidiary products procured during the refining process of petroleum while manufacturing gasoline, diesel, and similar petroleum products. Asphalt binders are obtained from the residue that remains after the distillation of petroleum, this residue is further subjected to steam distillation and oxidation to remove the traces of gas oil present in the residue. Certain additives or modifiers are also added to asphalt binders to alter them to suit different applications.