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Public health agency investigators in a large East Coast city were very concerned about the high rates of asthma in their city. They identified several neighborhoods that had the highest prevalence rates of asthma in the city. They compared the prevalence rates of asthma in these neighborhoods with the proportion of low-income residents in the neighborhoods. They observed that the neighborhoods with the highest asthma rates also had the largest proportions of low-income residents. What type of study is this? Ecological O Cohort study O Cross-sectional O Case-control

Public health agency investigators in a large East Coast city were very concerned about the high rates of asthma in their city. They identified several neighborhoods that had the highest prevalence rates of asthma in the city. They compared the prevalence rates of asthma in these neighborhoods with the proportion of low-income residents in the neighborhoods. They observed that the neighborhoods with the highest asthma rates also had the largest proportions of low-income residents. What type of study is this? Ecological O Cohort study O Cross-sectional O Case-control

Phlebotomy Essentials
Phlebotomy Essentials
6th Edition
ISBN:9781451194524
Author:Ruth McCall, Cathee M. Tankersley MT(ASCP)
Publisher:Ruth McCall, Cathee M. Tankersley MT(ASCP)
Chapter1: Phlebotomy: Past And Present And The Healthcare Setting
Section: Chapter Questions
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Question 1 Select the TWO following interventions for which it would be appropriate to randomize GROUPS instead of individuals as the experimental units in a randomized controlled trial. V A hospital-wide hand washing policy to prevent healthcare-acquired infections O Text-message-based tobacco cessation program O Violence and bullying prevention classroom curriculum V Efficacy of a newly designed knee replacement device Question 2 Public health agency investigators in a large East Coast city were very concerned about the high rates of asthma in their city. They identified several neighborhoods that had the highest prevalence rates of asthma in the city. They compared the prevalence rates of asthma in these neighborhoods with the proportion of low-income residents in the neighborhoods. They observed that the neighborhoods with the highest asthma rates also had the largest proportions of low-income residents. What type of study is this? Ecological O Cohort study O Cross-sectional O Case-control Question 3 Benzodiazepines (benzos) are medications that may be prescribed for patients with Alzheimer's disease for agitation, anxiety, and/or insomnia. A study of over 31,.000 Alzheimer's disease patients who were in their early 80s compared patients who began taking benzos after the start of the study with patients who began taking sleeping aids that did not include benzos. Six months after the start of the study, nearly 1,500 patients had died. The investigators found that those taking benzos were 41% more likely to have died. What type of study is this? O Case-control study O Randomized controlled trial O Cohort study O Ecological study Question 4 The Nurse-Family Partnership is an evidence-based, preventive intervention offered to low-income, fırst-time mothers. One important component includes home visitation by nurse practitioners. The investigator who developed the program tested whether trained lay providers could deliver the intervention as well as nurse practitioners. He assigned pregnant women to receive the intervention from either nurse practitioners or from trained lay providers. He followed both groups for over 2 years, then compared endpoints. He found that the mothers and babies who received home visitation from nurse practitioners had significantly better outcomes than did the comparison group. What type of study is this? O Ecological study O Case-control study O Randomized controlled trial O Cohort study
Transcribed Image Text:Question 1 Select the TWO following interventions for which it would be appropriate to randomize GROUPS instead of individuals as the experimental units in a randomized controlled trial. V A hospital-wide hand washing policy to prevent healthcare-acquired infections O Text-message-based tobacco cessation program O Violence and bullying prevention classroom curriculum V Efficacy of a newly designed knee replacement device Question 2 Public health agency investigators in a large East Coast city were very concerned about the high rates of asthma in their city. They identified several neighborhoods that had the highest prevalence rates of asthma in the city. They compared the prevalence rates of asthma in these neighborhoods with the proportion of low-income residents in the neighborhoods. They observed that the neighborhoods with the highest asthma rates also had the largest proportions of low-income residents. What type of study is this? Ecological O Cohort study O Cross-sectional O Case-control Question 3 Benzodiazepines (benzos) are medications that may be prescribed for patients with Alzheimer's disease for agitation, anxiety, and/or insomnia. A study of over 31,.000 Alzheimer's disease patients who were in their early 80s compared patients who began taking benzos after the start of the study with patients who began taking sleeping aids that did not include benzos. Six months after the start of the study, nearly 1,500 patients had died. The investigators found that those taking benzos were 41% more likely to have died. What type of study is this? O Case-control study O Randomized controlled trial O Cohort study O Ecological study Question 4 The Nurse-Family Partnership is an evidence-based, preventive intervention offered to low-income, fırst-time mothers. One important component includes home visitation by nurse practitioners. The investigator who developed the program tested whether trained lay providers could deliver the intervention as well as nurse practitioners. He assigned pregnant women to receive the intervention from either nurse practitioners or from trained lay providers. He followed both groups for over 2 years, then compared endpoints. He found that the mothers and babies who received home visitation from nurse practitioners had significantly better outcomes than did the comparison group. What type of study is this? O Ecological study O Case-control study O Randomized controlled trial O Cohort study
Question 5 Among 30,921 mother-daughter pairs from the Nurses' Mothers' [study] (2001) and the Nurses' Health Study II (1989 and 1991), the following information was collected: daughter's television viewing time and physical activity (PA) level at ages 3-5 and 5-10 years, and body mass index at age 18 years and in adulthood (ages 26-45 years). What type of study is this? O Cohort study O Cross-sectional Randomized controlled trial O Case-control study D Question 6 Validity is: O The extent to which a situation as observed reflects the "true" situation. O An event, condition, or characteristic that precedes the onset of disease. O Systematic error in the collection of epidemiologic data. O One of the criteria used to determine causality.
Transcribed Image Text:Question 5 Among 30,921 mother-daughter pairs from the Nurses' Mothers' [study] (2001) and the Nurses' Health Study II (1989 and 1991), the following information was collected: daughter's television viewing time and physical activity (PA) level at ages 3-5 and 5-10 years, and body mass index at age 18 years and in adulthood (ages 26-45 years). What type of study is this? O Cohort study O Cross-sectional Randomized controlled trial O Case-control study D Question 6 Validity is: O The extent to which a situation as observed reflects the "true" situation. O An event, condition, or characteristic that precedes the onset of disease. O Systematic error in the collection of epidemiologic data. O One of the criteria used to determine causality.
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