Provide the complete mechanism for the reaction below. You must include appropriate arrows, intermediates, and formal charges. سلام xylenes, 110 °C

a and b

Complete the following nucleophilic substitution reactions. In each reaction, show all electron pairs on both the nucleophile and the leaving group.

Below is a mechanism that represents the following single reaction sequence: a certain alcohol undergoes acid- catalyzed dehydration (conversion that involves the loss of water from the reacting molecule or ion) to form an alkene product. Write the IUPAC name of the product. Include E/Z stereochemistry. Hint: Name of the substituent of the product is similar to that of reactant. * :ÖH :O: :0: :O: 1-phenylpropanol oxonium ion H. нон Carbocation stabilised by resonance loss of water benzylic carbocation organic product + H-B Alkene formed ;B proton abstraction

NaOCH3 (S)-1-chloro-1,2-diphenylethane مين من cis-1,2-diphenylethene trans-1,2-diphenylethene + NaCl + HOCH 3 (a) Disregarding stereochemistry for the moment, provide a curved arrow mechanism for the transformation of the starting alkyl halide to one of the products.

4. The rearrangement reaction shown below was discovered in 1860. (a) Draw a mechanism for this transformation. Draw in lone pairs, use curved arrows to show movement of electrons, and indicate the formal charge on all charged atoms. (b) Explain why this rearrangement occurs. (Hint: What type of intermediate forms?) но он H2SO4 (conc.) Heat (c) The same type of reaction was used to accomplish the transformation below. Draw the mechanism for this transformation as well. OH H2SO4, heat но

.  Use to curved arrow notation, propose a mechanism for the following reaction and state whether it is either SN1, E1, SN2, or E2.  Give the IUPAC names of all organic reactants and products.

A student adds NBS to a solution of 1-methylcyclohexene and irradiates the mixture with a sunlamp until all the NBS has reacted. After a careful distillation, the product mixture contains two major products of formula C7H11Br. (a) Draw the resonance forms of the three possible allylic free radical intermediates.

For each reaction below, provide the structural formula for the reactants and the predicted products. Indicate which mechanism the reaction will follow and use curved arrow formalism to illustrate the predicted reaction mechanism. t-butylalcohol + NaBr ?

When treated with NaOH, the bromide below gives an alkene by the E2 mechanism, by elimination of the H atom indicated by the arrow: (a) Draw the Newman projection from which elimination takes place. (b) Draw the mechanism. (c) Draw the product with the proper stereochemistry. (d) Assign the proper stereochemical descriptor to the product. (e) Give the rate equation