Provide a table with molecular weights, boiling points, and density values for the starting material and product. Please also list any hazards of these two compounds based on their SDS formsMaterial• Balances• Beaker- 50 mL• Boiling beads• Clamps• Filter paper- 11 cm• Funnel• Graduated cylinder- 10 mL and 25 mL• Round Bottom flask (50 mL)• Rubber stopper• Separatory funnel (125 mL)• Stir hot plate with aluminum heating bath and temperature controller• Test tube- 2 (12x75mm)• Thermometer (-10 ◦C -200◦C)Chemicals and Reagents • 2% Silver nitrate (AgNO3) in ethanol• Saturated NaHCO3 soln.• HCl [12M]• Saturated NaCl soln.• 2-methyl-2-propanol• Sodium sulfate, Na2SO4 IntroductionAlkyl halides can be prepared from alcohols by reactions with hydrogen halides (HCI, HBr, or HI)via nucleophilic substitution. In this type of reaction, the nucleophile displaces a leaving groupfrom a carbon atom of an organic substrate (here the alcohol once protonated). Both electronsof the new bond to the carbon are provided by the nucleophile while the leaving group departswith both electrons of its bond to the substrate. There are two limiting mechanisms that aremost common in describing nucleophilic substitution reactions at sp³ carbon centres : (1) a directdisplacement (SN2) process and (2) a process that generates an intermediate carbocation (SN1).Which mechanism is a better description depends on the structure of the molecule containingthe leaving group, the nature of the leaving group, the size of the nucleophile, and the polarityof the solvent. This experiment is a near-perfect example of an SN1 substitution.H3CCIOHH3CHCIнаохо+XH₂O(Equation 1)+H3CH3CCH3CH3In this reaction, you will prepare 2-chloro-2-methylpropane (t-butyl chloride) from 2-methyl-2-propanol (t-butyl alcohol) using HCl as the strong acid and chloride source. Note thatHCI first activates the alcohol in an acid/base reaction before the SN1 reaction proceeds. The finalproduct is characterized by its yield, boiling point, and density. The presence of a halide atom isconfirmed with a silver nitrate test.

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Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Question

Provide a table with molecular weights, boiling points, and density values for the starting material and product. Please also list any hazards of these two compounds based on their SDS forms

Material

• Balances

• Beaker- 50 mL

• Boiling beads

• Clamps

• Filter paper- 11 cm

• Funnel

• Graduated cylinder- 10 mL and 25 mL

• Round Bottom flask (50 mL)

• Rubber stopper

• Separatory funnel (125 mL)

• Stir hot plate with aluminum heating bath and temperature controller

• Test tube- 2 (12x75mm)

• Thermometer (-10 ◦C -200◦C)

Chemicals and Reagents

• 2% Silver nitrate (AgNO3) in ethanol

• Saturated NaHCO3 soln.

• HCl [12M]

• Saturated NaCl soln.

• 2-methyl-2-propanol

• Sodium sulfate, Na2SO4

Introduction
Alkyl halides can be prepared from alcohols by reactions with hydrogen halides (HCI, HBr, or HI)
via nucleophilic substitution. In this type of reaction, the nucleophile displaces a leaving group
from a carbon atom of an organic substrate (here the alcohol once protonated). Both electrons
of the new bond to the carbon are provided by the nucleophile while the leaving group departs
with both electrons of its bond to the substrate. There are two limiting mechanisms that are
most common in describing nucleophilic substitution reactions at sp³ carbon centres : (1) a direct
displacement (SN2) process and (2) a process that generates an intermediate carbocation (SN1).
Which mechanism is a better description depends on the structure of the molecule containing
the leaving group, the nature of the leaving group, the size of the nucleophile, and the polarity
of the solvent. This experiment is a near-perfect example of an SN1 substitution.
H3C
CI
OH
H3C
HCI
наохо
+
X
H₂O
(Equation 1)
+
H3C
H3C
CH3
CH3
In this reaction, you will prepare 2-chloro-2-methylpropane (t-butyl chloride) from 2-
methyl-2-propanol (t-butyl alcohol) using HCl as the strong acid and chloride source. Note that
HCI first activates the alcohol in an acid/base reaction before the SN1 reaction proceeds. The final
product is characterized by its yield, boiling point, and density. The presence of a halide atom is
confirmed with a silver nitrate test.

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