proteins are activated during long-term potentiation. These proteins bind to the DNA, facilitating the transcription of genes to make proteins involved in changing the synapse. CREB Esterase ВРН Kinase CLIN

Q: Explain the Crosstalk between 2nd messenger systems and the purpose of each step of the pathway.

A: There is crosstalk between different second messenger systems in the cell. This crosstalk allows for…

Q: S9).

A: As we know The neurons communicate just with each other by propagating action potentials of it.…

Q: potential across a synapse is regulated). produce an effect by targeting a different part of the…

A: Nerve conduction across the synapse: • The first Neuron is called as pre-synaptic membrane while the…

Q: Identify and describe the events that occur after injury to aPNS axon.

A: The nervous system is a complicated organ system in the body that transmit nerve impulses between…

Q: Contrast receptor down-regulation and receptors desensitization.

A: A reduction in the quantity of receptors on the surface of target cells, creating the cells less…

Q: Explain G coupled protein receptors and protein kinase associated receptors.

A: Receptors are chemically protein or glycoprotein molecules which binds to the signal( ligand).The…

Q: An area of the body that provides afferent, efferent sensory information to the CNS and receives ,…

A: Afferent (Sensory):Transmits sensory information from peripheral receptors to the CNS.Carries…

Q: When serotonin blocks potassium channels on the presynaptic terminal, what is the effect on…

A: Neurotransmitters are chemicals responsible for carrying a signal or an impulse via a synapse. They…

Q: Distinguish the pathways associated with the activation of protein kinase A, protein kinase C and…

A: The ability of a cell to receive, process, and transmit signals with its environment and with itself…

Q: Discuss Apical-basal cell polarityMechanical cuesG protein–coupled receptors

A: Cell polarity The free or apical domain is always directed towards the exterior surface or the…

Q: a and K flow across the plasma membrane; what would membrane potential if norepinephrine closed…

A: Ligand gated Ion channels work when the ligand binds to a particular Ion channel. These are integral…

Q: Before LTP: In the normal state, what is the effect of glutamate at the AMPA receptors? At the NMDA…

A: The LTP is long-term potentiation and LTD is long-term depression. It can be elicited by activation…

Q: Describe how a very small quantity of receptor ligand is capable of eliciting a strong response in a…

A: This is the beauty of signal amplification where a single  molecule forms thousand and thousand…

Q: How Do Effectors Convert the Signals to Actionsin the Cell?

A: The neurons transfer the signal with the help of electrical signals as well as chemical signals. The…

Q: toxin creates pores that are permeable to Ca2+. Describe its immediate effect on the resting…

A: Action potential the action potential is defined as the rapid rise and fall in the membrane…

Q: Describe the formation of myelin sheath in 8-10 sentences, 100 words minimum.

A: The nervous system is involved in transmission of electrical impulses throughout the body. Neurons…

Q: What component serves as the receptor? What component serves as the control center? What component…

A: Homeostasis is body's ability to adjust it's internal environment for the maintainence of optimal…

Q: What is the function of themyelin sheath? Do all axonspresent a myelin sheath?

A: The insulating covering around the nerve cell is termed as the myelin sheath. The myelin sheath is…

Q: Which type of channels are found more prominently at the axon initial complex? Which ones found in…

A: Neurons also known as nerve cells, send and receive signals from brain.The nerve cell consists of…

Q: Briefly explain the recruitment of effector cells

A: In multicellular organisms, the capability of resistance towards harmful microorganisms and their…

Q: 2022) . Join: 739526. P 7 R 888 F4 Chemical messengers that cross the synapse bind to _ channels,…

A: The neurotransmitter is released into the synapse as a result of an action potential that travels…

Q: You prepare a squid giant axon and inject it with a tiny volume of solution containing 0.1 M NaCl…

A: At beginning the radioactive Na+ ions and K+ ions are remains inside of the axon, as a result of…

Q: with creative freedom illustarte the events of resting potential, depolirization and repolirisation…

A: Resting membrane potential is electrical potential difference across the membrane when the cell is…

Q: Describe the processes involved in neural signaling: reception, transmission, integration, and…

A: Growth, development, energy metabolism, reproduction ad behavior are regulated by hormones produced…

Q: Which of the following is a correct functional match for CGMP? A Opens calcium ion channels Smooth…

A: B-Smooth muscle relaxation cGMP is a typical controller of particle channel conductance,…

Q: Describe the 3 main steps for activation of receptor tyrosine kinases.

A: Receptor tyrosine kinases are cell surface receptors with a high affinity for growth factors,…

Q: Describe the evidence showing that axons seek specific targets.

A: An nerve fiber or axon is the long forecast of neuron or nerve cell.

Q: Explain how stimulation of a postsynaptic cell is stopped.

A: Electrical signals travel through the dendrites to trigger a nerve impulse, also known as an action…

Q: Describe the conditions under which axons can regenerate

A: Axons, also called as nerve fiber is the main part of the body of a neuron that carries nerve…

Q: What would happen if the drug blocked K+ channels instead?

A: The body's systemic functioning is due to the communication between different cells that occur,…

Q: Please place the boxes according to cell received stimulus and cel

A: The resting membrane potential explains what happens when a neuron is at rest. An action potential…

Q: Describe how neurotransmission occurs across a chemical synapse, using acetylcholine as an example.

A: Synapses are terminals or junctions through which neurons pass signals to target cells or other…

Q: Describe the series of event that occurs as an electrical signal in the presynaptic neuron is…

A: The nervous system is highly complex among different organ systems in animals. By transmitting…

Q: Following release of a neurotransmitter and binding to a receptor, what is the next step in the…

A: Neurotransmitters are the secondary chemical messengers that help in the transit of messages…

Q: A damaged axon in the PNS may be able to regenerate only if the cell body is intact. why do you…

A: A neuron comprises many dendrites and each of them has one axon, which is also known as the nerve…

Q: During an IPSP, the postsynaptic membrane becomes more permeable to GABA. O Ca2+. Na+. O K+.…

A: The IPSP stands for Inhibitory postsynaptic potential. It occurs when ion channels open resulting in…

Q: Describe the processes involved in neural signaling: reception, transmission, integration, and…

A: Growth, development, energy metabolism, reproduction ad behavior are regulated by hormones produced…

Q: Draw a presynaptic and postsynaptic neuron at to demonstrate the release and acceptance of a…

A: SNARE protein play important role in release of neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles  as they…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.