Prostate cancer There has been debate among doctors over whether surgery can prolong life among men suffer-ing from prostate cancer, a type of cancer that typically develops and spreads very slowly. Recently, The NewEngland Journal of Medicine published results of some Scandinavian research. Men diagnosed with prostate can-cer were randomly assigned to either undergo surgery or not. Among the 347 men who had surgery, 16 eventuallydied of prostate cancer, compared with 31 of the 348 menwho did not have surgery.a) Was this an experiment or an observational study?Explain.b) Create a 95% confidence interval for the difference inrates of death for the two groups of men.c) Based on your confidence interval, is there evidencethat surgery may be effective in preventing death fromprostate cancer? Explain.

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2-Proportion Test

In a 2-proportion test, two separate proportions are measured at the same time, and their similarity is evaluated. It is also known as a 2-proportion z-test, and a comparison of two different proportions is done in this method.