Propylene is a critical petrochemical intermediate and the monomer for the production of polypropylene. Traditionally, propylene, along with other olefins such as ethylene, is produced from crude oil fractionation. Since the shale revolution, there has been increased production of shale gas and shale oil and as a result, the demand for crude oil is reduced. While ethylene (the monomer for polyethylene) can be alternatively produced from shale-derived ethane rather easily using ethane cracker, the same cracking technology of shale-derived propane is rather challenging, resulting in a global shortage of propylene, termed the propylene gap. To produce propylene (C:Hs) from shale-derived propane (C3H3), the dehydrogenation of propane is followed: C,H3 (g) 5 C,Hg (g) + H;(9) The reaction typically takes place over supported platinum catalysts. The thermochemical data for each of the species at 800 K are: C,Hg C,H. H2 AH,° (kJ/mol) -45.14 69.83 14.70 s° (J/mol-K) 379.45 359.28 159.55 (1) What are the values of heat of reaction, entropy of reaction, and the Gibbs free energy of reaction at this temperature (i.e., 800 K)? Please include the appropriate units. (2) What is the value of the gas phase equilibrium constant at this reaction temperature (800 K)? (3) If pure propane is fed at a reaction pressure of 1 atm, what is the equilibrium conversion under this condition (1 atm and 800 K)? (4) To increase the equilibrium conversion at 800 K, should we increase or decrease the reaction pressure? Report the equilibrium conversions of at least 2 pressures higher than 1 atm and 2 pressures lower than 1 atm (a total of 4 points) to support your answer. (5) To increase the equilibrium conversion at 800 K, should we increase or decrease the reaction temperature? Why? (6) In addition to changing reaction pressure and temperature, please propose two other approaches to shift the equilibrium to increase equilibrium conversion. Please provide the rationales of why your approaches could work.

Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
8th Edition
ISBN:9781259696527
Author:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Publisher:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Chapter1: Introduction
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Propylene is a critical petrochemical intermediate and the monomer for the production of
polypropylene. Traditionally, propylene, along with other olefins such as ethylene, is produced from crude
oil fractionation. Since the shale revolution, there has been increased production of shale gas and shale oil
and as a result, the demand for crude oil is reduced. While ethylene (the monomer for polyethylene) can be
alternatively produced from shale-derived ethane rather easily using ethane cracker, the same cracking
technology of shale-derived propane is rather challenging, resulting in a global shortage of propylene,
termed the propylene gap.
To produce propylene (C:Hs) from shale-derived propane (C:Hs), the dehydrogenation of propane is
followed:
C;Hg (g) 5 C,Hg (g) + H;(9)
The reaction typically takes place over supported platinum catalysts. The thermochemical data for each of
the species at 800 K are:
C,Hg
C,H.
H2
AH;° (kJ/mol)
-45.14
69.83
14.70
s° (J/mol-K)
359.28
379.45
159.55
(1) What are the values of heat of reaction, entropy of reaction, and the Gibbs free energy of reaction at
this temperature (i.e., 800 K)? Please include the appropriate units.
(2) What is the value of the gas phase equilibrium constant at this reaction temperature (800 K)?
(3) If pure propane is fed at a reaction pressure of 1 atm, what is the equilibrium conversion under this
condition (1 atm and 800 K)?
(4) To increase the equilibrium conversion at 800 K, should we increase or decrease the reaction pressure?
Report the equilibrium conversions of at least 2 pressures higher than 1 atm and 2 pressures lower than
1 atm (a total of 4 points) to support your answer.
(5) To increase the equilibrium conversion at 800 K, should we increase or decrease the reaction
temperature? Why?
(6) In addition to changing reaction pressure and temperature, please propose two other approaches to shift
the equilibrium to increase equilibrium conversion. Please provide the rationales of why your
approaches could work.
Transcribed Image Text:Propylene is a critical petrochemical intermediate and the monomer for the production of polypropylene. Traditionally, propylene, along with other olefins such as ethylene, is produced from crude oil fractionation. Since the shale revolution, there has been increased production of shale gas and shale oil and as a result, the demand for crude oil is reduced. While ethylene (the monomer for polyethylene) can be alternatively produced from shale-derived ethane rather easily using ethane cracker, the same cracking technology of shale-derived propane is rather challenging, resulting in a global shortage of propylene, termed the propylene gap. To produce propylene (C:Hs) from shale-derived propane (C:Hs), the dehydrogenation of propane is followed: C;Hg (g) 5 C,Hg (g) + H;(9) The reaction typically takes place over supported platinum catalysts. The thermochemical data for each of the species at 800 K are: C,Hg C,H. H2 AH;° (kJ/mol) -45.14 69.83 14.70 s° (J/mol-K) 359.28 379.45 159.55 (1) What are the values of heat of reaction, entropy of reaction, and the Gibbs free energy of reaction at this temperature (i.e., 800 K)? Please include the appropriate units. (2) What is the value of the gas phase equilibrium constant at this reaction temperature (800 K)? (3) If pure propane is fed at a reaction pressure of 1 atm, what is the equilibrium conversion under this condition (1 atm and 800 K)? (4) To increase the equilibrium conversion at 800 K, should we increase or decrease the reaction pressure? Report the equilibrium conversions of at least 2 pressures higher than 1 atm and 2 pressures lower than 1 atm (a total of 4 points) to support your answer. (5) To increase the equilibrium conversion at 800 K, should we increase or decrease the reaction temperature? Why? (6) In addition to changing reaction pressure and temperature, please propose two other approaches to shift the equilibrium to increase equilibrium conversion. Please provide the rationales of why your approaches could work.
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