Procedure of experimental Test for carbonate ion (CO32-) Add 1 mL of 1M Na2CO3 (or your unknown) and 1 mL of 6M HCl to a small test tube. C. Test for sulfate ion (SO42-) Add 1 mL of 0.5 M Na2SO4 (or your unknown) and 1 mL of 6 M HCl to a small test tube. Next add a few drops of 1 M BaCl2. D. Test for phosphate ion (PO4 3-) Add 1 mL of 0.5 M Na2HPO4 (or your unknown) and 1 mL of 6 M HNO3 to a small test tube. Next add a 1 mL of 0.5 M (NH4)2MoO4 and stir thoroughly. Place the test tube in the hot water bath and continue to stir. E. Test for thiocyanate ion, (SCN-) Add 1 mL of 0.5 M KSCN (or your unknown) and 1 mL of 6 M acetic acid (HC2H3O2) to a small test tube. Now add 2 drops of 0.1 M Fe (NO3)3. A dark red solution indicates the presence of SCN-. F. Test for chloride ion, (Cl2-) Add 1 mL of 0.5 M NaCl (or your unknown) and 1 mL of 6 M HNO3 to a small test tube. Next add 2 to 3 drops of 0.1 M AgNO3. G. Test for nitrate ion, (NO3 –) Add 1 mL of 0.5 M NaNO3 (or your unknown) and 1 mL of 6 M NaOH to a small test tube. Then add a few granules of aluminum metal and put the test tube in the hot water bath. Place a red litmus paper directly above the test tube. Complete the table.
Ionic Equilibrium
Chemical equilibrium and ionic equilibrium are two major concepts in chemistry. Ionic equilibrium deals with the equilibrium involved in an ionization process while chemical equilibrium deals with the equilibrium during a chemical change. Ionic equilibrium is established between the ions and unionized species in a system. Understanding the concept of ionic equilibrium is very important to answer the questions related to certain chemical reactions in chemistry.
Arrhenius Acid
Arrhenius acid act as a good electrolyte as it dissociates to its respective ions in the aqueous solutions. Keeping it similar to the general acid properties, Arrhenius acid also neutralizes bases and turns litmus paper into red.
Bronsted Lowry Base In Inorganic Chemistry
Bronsted-Lowry base in inorganic chemistry is any chemical substance that can accept a proton from the other chemical substance it is reacting with.
Procedure of experimental
- Test for carbonate ion (CO32-)
Add 1 mL of 1M Na2CO3 (or your unknown) and 1 mL of 6M HCl to a small test tube.
C. Test for sulfate ion (SO42-)
Add 1 mL of 0.5 M Na2SO4 (or your unknown) and 1 mL of 6 M HCl to a small test tube. Next add a few drops of 1 M BaCl2.
D. Test for phosphate ion (PO4 3-)
Add 1 mL of 0.5 M Na2HPO4 (or your unknown) and 1 mL of 6 M HNO3 to a small test tube. Next add a 1 mL of 0.5 M (NH4)2MoO4 and stir thoroughly. Place the test tube in the hot water bath and continue to stir.
E. Test for thiocyanate ion, (SCN-)
Add 1 mL of 0.5 M KSCN (or your unknown) and 1 mL of 6 M acetic acid (HC2H3O2) to a small test tube. Now add 2 drops of 0.1 M Fe (NO3)3. A dark red solution indicates the presence of SCN-.
F. Test for chloride ion, (Cl2-)
Add 1 mL of 0.5 M NaCl (or your unknown) and 1 mL of 6 M HNO3 to a small test tube. Next add 2 to 3 drops of 0.1 M AgNO3.
G. Test for nitrate ion, (NO3 –)
Add 1 mL of 0.5 M NaNO3 (or your unknown) and 1 mL of 6 M NaOH to a small test tube. Then add a few granules of aluminum metal and put the test tube in the hot water bath. Place a red litmus paper directly above the test tube.
Complete the table.
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