PROBLEM: Topographic survey conducted by SALCON shows that the centerline at a proposed road cross section crosses a small valley between stations 10 + 022 (elevation 123.00 m) and station 10 + 060 (elevation 122.50 m). The stationing at the bottom of the valley is 10 + 037 (elev. 111.2 m). The grade line of the proposed road passes the ground points at the edges of the valley (sta. 10 + 022) and (10 + 060) and the section at any of these stations are three level sections. Width of road base is 10 m with side slope of 2:1. Assume that the sides of the valley slope directly to the lowest point from the edges.

Q: A symmetrical parabolic curve passes through point A whose elevation is 23.23m at a distance meters…

A: Using equation y=g2-g12Lx2+g1x+PVCelvg1=back tangentg2=Forward tangentL=length

Q: to 0.5%. gth of curve.

A: Length :L=Ar=(1.5+3)0.5×100=900m

Q: A curve with a -6% downgrade intersects an upward slope of +25 elevation at the intersection of…

A:

Q: owed by a 1.25% grade intersecting at Sta. 15+750, with an elevation of 374.5 m. The change of grade…

A:

Q: 2. Compute by hand and tabulate station elevations and the 1st and 2nd differences for an equal…

A: Data given G1 =+3.5% G2 =-4 % Station PVI = 12+65 Elevation PVI = 300 ft Length of curve, L = 750 ft…

Volumes

Volume usually is the dimensional quantity that involves the evaluation of any three-dimensional figure enfolded inside a closed space. The SI unit (International System of Units) of volume is m3 and the dimensional unit of volume is [L3]. For estimation of the volume of any figure, various formulae are used. Another application of volume includes the reference in the sound levels, the higher the sound intensity, the louder the sound heard, and hence, the larger the volume. The SI unit of sound volume is decibels (dB).