Problem (9.4): A long slender column ABC is pinned at ends A and C and compressed by an axial force P (see Figure 9.27). At the midpoint B, lateral support is provided to prevent deflection in the plane of the figure. The column is a steel wide-flange section (W10 x 45) with E = 30x10 psi. The distance between lateral supports is L = 18 ft. Calculate the allowable load P using a factor of safety FS = 2.4, taking into account the possibility of Euler buckling about either principal centroidal axis (i.e., axis 1-1 or axis 2- 2). PL 2 W 10 X 45 1 B A 000 2 Section X-X Figure (9.27)

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A:

Bars

In civil engineering, bars refer to steel reinforcement bars or rebars. These are structural members primarily used for reinforcement purposes in masonry works. A bar is characterized by its cross-sectional area, which is negligible compared to its length. Bars are usually manufactured by steel which is uniform throughout the length, or by meshing multiple steel wires. Other materials of the bar include carbon steel, glass fiber, carbon fiber, and basalt fiber. The reinforcing bars are coated with epoxy resins and other materials to enhance some of their properties including corrosion resistance.