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Problem 5(classwork): a.)explain why certain sedative medicines which alter breathing can produce respiratory acidosis.

Problem 5(classwork): a.)explain why certain sedative medicines which alter breathing can produce respiratory acidosis.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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### Problem 5 (Classwork): #### a) Explain why certain sedative medicines which alter breathing can produce respiratory acidosis. Sedative medicines that depress the central nervous system can slow down breathing (hypoventilation). This leads to an accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood, as it is not being expelled efficiently through respiration. When CO2 combines with water in the bloodstream, it forms carbonic acid, which dissociates into hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate (HCO3-). The increased H+ concentration lowers the blood pH, leading to respiratory acidosis. #### b) Why is proteomics needed to support the results from genomics? Genomics examines the entire set of genes within an organism, providing insights into its potential functions and capabilities. However, not all genes are expressed, and gene expression can vary significantly under different conditions. Proteomics studies the set of proteins expressed by a genome, cell, tissue, or organism at a particular time. By examining the proteins, which are the functional products of genes, proteomics provides a clearer understanding of gene expression, regulation, and the biochemical pathways at play. Thus, proteomics is critical for validating and complementing genomic data, giving a more complete picture of biological processes. #### c) A new bacterium has been discovered that exists in an environment that has a pH of 10. Like all cells, it must contain a buffer to maintain a constant internal environment. List two possibilities for what could be used as a buffer for this organism. 1. **Ammonium (NH4+)/Ammonia (NH3) Buffer System**: At pH 10, the ammonia can act as a base while its conjugate acid, ammonium, can help neutralize any additional acids to maintain the pH balance. 2. **Bicarbonate (HCO3-)/Carbonate (CO3^2-) Buffer System**: This buffer system can help manage the high pH by utilizing bicarbonate to neutralize excess H+ ions, and carbonate to bind with H+ ions if the pH drops, thereby stabilizing the internal environment of the bacterium. #### d) Describe two ways that a scientist would know that a protein purification is successful. 1. **Gel Electrophoresis**: One common method is to use SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) to separate the proteins by size
Transcribed Image Text:### Problem 5 (Classwork): #### a) Explain why certain sedative medicines which alter breathing can produce respiratory acidosis. Sedative medicines that depress the central nervous system can slow down breathing (hypoventilation). This leads to an accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood, as it is not being expelled efficiently through respiration. When CO2 combines with water in the bloodstream, it forms carbonic acid, which dissociates into hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate (HCO3-). The increased H+ concentration lowers the blood pH, leading to respiratory acidosis. #### b) Why is proteomics needed to support the results from genomics? Genomics examines the entire set of genes within an organism, providing insights into its potential functions and capabilities. However, not all genes are expressed, and gene expression can vary significantly under different conditions. Proteomics studies the set of proteins expressed by a genome, cell, tissue, or organism at a particular time. By examining the proteins, which are the functional products of genes, proteomics provides a clearer understanding of gene expression, regulation, and the biochemical pathways at play. Thus, proteomics is critical for validating and complementing genomic data, giving a more complete picture of biological processes. #### c) A new bacterium has been discovered that exists in an environment that has a pH of 10. Like all cells, it must contain a buffer to maintain a constant internal environment. List two possibilities for what could be used as a buffer for this organism. 1. **Ammonium (NH4+)/Ammonia (NH3) Buffer System**: At pH 10, the ammonia can act as a base while its conjugate acid, ammonium, can help neutralize any additional acids to maintain the pH balance. 2. **Bicarbonate (HCO3-)/Carbonate (CO3^2-) Buffer System**: This buffer system can help manage the high pH by utilizing bicarbonate to neutralize excess H+ ions, and carbonate to bind with H+ ions if the pH drops, thereby stabilizing the internal environment of the bacterium. #### d) Describe two ways that a scientist would know that a protein purification is successful. 1. **Gel Electrophoresis**: One common method is to use SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) to separate the proteins by size
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