Problem 5. Let A be an array of n integers, each of which comes from the domain [1,U]. Note that some of the integers may be identical. Design an algorithm to compute, for each distinct integer x in A, how many integers in A are at most x. For example, if A stores the sequence of integers (35, 12, 28, 12, 35, 7, 63, 35), you should output an array ((7,1), (12, 3), (28, 4), (35, 7), (63, 8)). Your algorithm should terminate in O(n log n) time.

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Basic operations

A computer is an electronic machine that processes data by performing operations on it. Computer operations are actions performed by the computer to complete a given task. A computer can take input, store values/ information, process information and produce output.