Problem 4. A group G is called cyclic if G = (g) for some g = G. 4.1. Suppose that G and H are two groups, and that : G → H is an isomorphism. Prove that the group G is cyclic if and only if H is cyclic.¹ 4.2. In each of the following, prove that the two given groups are not isomorphic: a) Z/16Z and D8. b) Z/2ZZ/2Z × Z/2Z and Z/3Z × Z/2Z.
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- Let A={ a,b,c }. Prove or disprove that P(A) is a group with respect to the operation of union. (Sec. 1.1,7c)Let H and K be subgroups of a group G and K a subgroup of H. If the order of G is 24 and the order of K is 3, what are all the possible orders of H?9. Find all homomorphic images of the octic group.
- If G is a cyclic group, prove that the equation x2=e has at most two distinct solutions in G.Exercises 30. For an arbitrary positive integer, prove that any two cyclic groups of order are isomorphic.Exercises 8. Find an isomorphism from the group in Example of this section to the multiplicative group . Sec. 16. Prove that each of the following sets is a subgroup of , the general linear group of order over .
- Find two groups of order 6 that are not isomorphic.Let G1 and G2 be groups with respect to addition. Define equality and addition in the Cartesian product by G1G2 (a,b)=(a,b) if and only if a=a and b=a (a,b)+(c,d)=(ac,bd) Where indicates the addition in G1 and indicates the addition in G2. Prove that G1G2 is a group with respect to addition. Prove that G1G2 is abelian if both G1 and G2 are abelian. For notational simplicity, write (a,b)+(c,d)=(a+c,b+d) As long as it is understood that the additions in G1 and G2 may not be the same binary operations. (Sec. 3.4,27, Sec. 3.5,14,15,27,28, Sec. 3.6,12, Sec. 5.1,51) Sec. 3.4,27 Prove or disprove that each of the following groups with addition as defined in Exercises 52 of section 3.1 is cyclic. a. 23 b. 24 Sec. 3.5,14,15,27,28, Consider the additive group of real numbers. Prove or disprove that each of the following mappings : is an automorphism. Equality and addition are defined on in Exercise 52 of section 3.1. a. (x,y)=(y,x) b. (x,y)=(x,y) Consider the additive group of real numbers. Prove or disprove that each of the following mappings : is an isomorphism. a. (x,y)=x b. (x,y)=x+y Consider the additive groups 2, 3, and 6. Prove that 6 is isomorphic to 23. Let G1, G2, H1, and H2 be groups with respect to addition. If G1 is isomorphic to H1 and G2 is isomorphic to H2, prove that G1G2 is isomorphic to H1H2. Sec. 3.6,12 Consider the additive group of real numbers. Let be a mapping from to , where equality and addition are defined in Exercise 52 of Section 3.1. Prove or disprove that each of the following mappings is a homomorphism. If is a homomorphism, find ker , and decide whether is an epimorphism or a monomorphism. a. (x,y)=xy b. (x,y)=2x Sec. 5.1,51 Let R and S be arbitrary rings. In the Cartesian product RS of R and S, define (r,s)=(r,s) if and only if r=r and s=s (r1,s1)+(r2,s2)=(r1+r2,s1+s2), (r1,s1)(r2,s2)=(r1r2,s1s2). a. Prove that the Cartesian product is a ring with respect to these operations. It is called the direct sum of R and S and is denoted by RS. b. Prove that RS is commutative if both R and S are commutative. c. Prove that RS has a unity element if both R and S have unity elements. d. Give an example of rings R and S such that RS does not have a unity element.27. a. Show that a cyclic group of order has a cyclic group of order as a homomorphic image. b. Show that a cyclic group of order has a cyclic group of order as a homomorphic image.
- Suppose G1 and G2 are groups with normal subgroups H1 and H2, respectively, and with G1/H1 isomorphic to G2/H2. Determine the possible orders of H1 and H2 under the following conditions. a. G1=24 and G2=18 b. G1=32 and G2=40Prove or disprove that H={ hGh1=h } is a subgroup of the group G if G is abelian.Suppose that the abelian group G can be written as the direct sum G=C22C3C3, where Cn is a cyclic group of order n. Prove that G has elements of order 12 but no element of order greater than 12. Find the number of distinct elements of G that have order 12.