Problem 4 Using the graph below, explain why it would be socially efficient at the MARKET equilibrium to reduce production and consumption of marijuana by one pound. That is, if we take into account the marginal private and external costs of marijuana production, why would society (not the market participants) be better off? Make sure to use the interpretations of the values (including

Problem 4 Using the graph below, explain why it would be socially efficient at the MARKET equilibrium to reduce production and consumption of marijuana by one pound. That is, if we take into account the marginal private and external costs of marijuana production, why would society (not the market participants) be better off? Make sure to use the interpretations of the values (including

Principles of Economics 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172364

Author:Steven A. Greenlaw; David Shapiro

Publisher:Steven A. Greenlaw; David Shapiro

Chapter12: Environmental Protection And Negative Externalities

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 10SCQ: Suppose a city releases 16 million gallons of raw sewage into a nearby lake. Table 12.8 shows the...

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In the Land of Purity, there is only one form of pollution, called gunk. Table 12.14 shows possible combinations of economic output and reduction of gunk, depending on what kinds of environmental regulations you choose. Sketch a graph of a production possibility frontier with environmental quality on the horizontal axis, measured by the percentage reduction of gunk, and with the quantity of economic output on the vertical axis. Which choices display productive efficiency? How can you tell? Which choices show allocative efficiency? How can you tell? In the choice between K and L, can you say which one is better and why? In the choice between K. and N, can you say which one is better, and why? If you had to guess, which choice would you think is move likely to represent a command-and-control environmental policy and which choice is more likely to represent a market-oriented environmental policy, choice L or M? Why?
Suppose a city releases 16 million gallons of raw sewage into a nearby lake. Table 12.8 shows the total costs of cleaning up the sewage to different levels, together with the total benefits of doing so. (Benefits include environmental, recreational, health, and industrial benefits.) Using the information in Table 12.8, calculate the marginal costs and marginal benefits of reducing sewage emissions for this city. See Production, Costs and Industry Structure if you need a refresher on how to calculate marginal costs. What is the optimal level of sewage for this city? Why not just pass a law that films can emit zero sewage? After all, the total benefits of zero emissions exceed the total costs.
From an economic perspective, is it sound policy to pursue a goal of zero pollution? Why or why not?
In what ways (it) company investments in research and development create positive externalities?
In 2006, the Australian Government incorporated research into corporate social responsibilities to determineif there is a need to include social and environmental responsibilities within the Corporation Act throughamendment procedure. It was decided not to incorporate a particular regulation through legislation, insteadrely upon the 'market forces' to encourage companies to do the 'right thing'. This viewpoint was expressedthat if companies did not look after the environment or did not act in a socially responsible manner, peoplewould not want to consume the organisations' products. From the equity market perspective, potentialinvestors would not want to invest in the organisations, and further workers wouldn't want to work for them,and so forth. Because companies were aware of such market forces, they would do the 'right thing' even inthe absence of legislation.Requirement:1) Using theories such as Public Interest Theory, Capture Theory and Economic Interest Group Theoryto critically…
Suppose that a mayor of a large city believes strongly that education provides great benefits to the community andurges the state government to provide the district with more money. An economist would say that this reflects theMayor's belief that:Asince teachers are overpaid, the district needs more money to hire enough teachers for its classrooms.Bthere are positive external benefits associated with education.Cthere are nontrivial external costs associated with education.Dpublic schools provide a higher quality education than private schools.
Aiticle Link: https://bit.lv/3fbNtrFe The following graph represents the market for high-emissions cars. Answer this question assuming that the externality is not internalised. Price of high tmiiees vekides Secial Value Babetty high emistions vehiles What is the private value of the last unit traded (or the willingness to pay of the marginal buyer) in the market? P1 O P2 O P3 P4
Imagine a scenic canyon, visited by many local people as well as tourists from beyondthe local area. Consider a scenario in which a mining company has proposed to the localauthority that it be closed to the public and put into the production of coal. Thinking interms of economics as a way of adjudicating the relative value of one use of the canyon overthe other, what would you need to know in order to make a comparison or assessment?What kinds of quantitative data would inform your decision, and where might they comefrom? What kinds of things might you need to know that are hard to measure? Once youhave listed the kinds of information and data that might be available to inform this decision, do you think it would be sufficient to making this decision, why or why not?
Fish that swim in international waters are a common good that are freely available toanyone who wants to catch them, but this leads to the problem of over-fishing. At theheart of this problem lies an externality. Using appropriate diagrams andaccompanying discussion, show both how and why this over-fishing takes place. Inyour explanation, identify the source of the externality.
d. What is the emissions tax that needs to be imposed to achieve the social optimum? Add this to your graph. e. What is the economic incidence of this emissions tax? In other words, what proportion of this tax will be paid by producers of this product and what proportion of the tax will be paid by consumers?
the socially optimal price? place the line segment labled pollution limit In accordance with the 1990 Clean Air Act, the hypothetical state of South Smog imposes a pollution limit on the market for steel manufacturing shown on the graph below. Place the line segment labeled "Pollution limit" at the optimal pollution limit. Price and cost ($ per ton) 10 A Pollution limit B 9 Marginal social cost 8 7 4 2 1 0 о D Marginal cost Demand = marginal benefit 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16. 18 20 Quantity in thousands of tons
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