Problem 3: The Journal of Applied Psychology reported on a study that examined whether the content of TV shows influenced the ability of viewers to recall brand names of items featured in the commercials. The researchers randomly assigned volunteers to watch one of two programs, each containing the same nine commercials. One of the programs had violent content, and the other had sexual content. After the shows ended, the subjects were asked to recall the brands of the products that were advertised. Here are the summaries of the results: x-bar = mean brands recalled SD Violent Content 108 2.08 1.87 Sexual Content 108 1.71 1.76 a) Based on the statistics from the samples, if you are in charge of doing advertisements for your company, then which type of TV content would you like to run your ads on? Explain your choice. Is this statistically significant? b) If you're going to perform a t-test for the difference between the means, then would it be two-tailed or one-tailed. If it is one tailed, then which tail? Explain your choice. c) Assuming all conditions are met, perform a test at the significant alpha level: 0.05. Translate Ho and Ha into English as well. Use www.stapplet.com to do the calculations. Be sure to include the df, t-score, p-value.
Addition Rule of Probability
It simply refers to the likelihood of an event taking place whenever the occurrence of an event is uncertain. The probability of a single event can be calculated by dividing the number of successful trials of that event by the total number of trials.
Expected Value
When a large number of trials are performed for any random variable ‘X’, the predicted result is most likely the mean of all the outcomes for the random variable and it is known as expected value also known as expectation. The expected value, also known as the expectation, is denoted by: E(X).
Probability Distributions
Understanding probability is necessary to know the probability distributions. In statistics, probability is how the uncertainty of an event is measured. This event can be anything. The most common examples include tossing a coin, rolling a die, or choosing a card. Each of these events has multiple possibilities. Every such possibility is measured with the help of probability. To be more precise, the probability is used for calculating the occurrence of events that may or may not happen. Probability does not give sure results. Unless the probability of any event is 1, the different outcomes may or may not happen in real life, regardless of how less or how more their probability is.
Basic Probability
The simple definition of probability it is a chance of the occurrence of an event. It is defined in numerical form and the probability value is between 0 to 1. The probability value 0 indicates that there is no chance of that event occurring and the probability value 1 indicates that the event will occur. Sum of the probability value must be 1. The probability value is never a negative number. If it happens, then recheck the calculation.
Can I get an explanation on problem 3 A-C
Assume,
- be the population mean number of brands recall when the advertisement contain violent content and sexual content, respectively.
- x1, x2 be the random variables representing number of brands recall when the advertisement contain violent content and sexual content, respectively.
- be the sample mean number of brands recall when the advertisement contain violent content and sexual content, respectively.
- s1, s2 be the sample standard deviation associated with x1 and x2, respectively.
- n1, n2 be the sample sizes.
The data mentioned in the question can be expressed as, .
By observing the data it can be said that the mean number of brands recall when the advertisement contain violent content is higher than the mean number of brands recall when the advertisement contain sexual content. Therefore, it is advisable to use advertisement with violent content instead of advertisement with sexual content.
In order to test this claim whether the mean number of brands recall when the advertisement contain violent content is higher than the mean number of brands recall when the advertisement contain sexual content, a test of two independent groups, two sample means needs to be conducted. Since, population standard deviation is not known, use a t-test.
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