PROBLEM 1: Following figure is related to IED Based Substation Automation. Describe each layer related substation Automation. Also explain the functions of each element in the layers. IED Baed Computer networks for Substation Automation HMIS Modbus TCP/IP Sub-station Operation Center Host N MODBUS RTU IED1 IED2 IED 3 IEDN Cabeling CT/VT Switch CT/VT Switch Power System Environment CT/VT Switch CT/VT Switch Lower Middle Layer Layer Upper Layer

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Q: architecture?

A:

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