Problem 1: a- The accompanying data show spot speeds collected at a section of highway located in a residential area. Determine whether there was a statistically significant difference in the average speeds at the 95% confidence level. Before After Before After 23 33 38 40 35 25 21 35 30 30 38 38 37 25 36 37 35 30 33 33 30 28 34 39 21 28 23 28 24 35 36 34 33 35 35 40 33 35 36 23 24 27 20 20 31 24 20 31 36 35 21 30 36 28 33 39 32 40 35 33 b- Draw the histogram frequency distribution and cumulative percentage distribution for each set of data and determine (a) average speed, (b) 85th-percentile speed, (c) 15th- percentile speed, (d) mode, (e) median, and (f) pace.

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Asphalt Binders and Mixtures

Asphalt binders are subsidiary products procured during the refining process of petroleum while manufacturing gasoline, diesel, and similar petroleum products. Asphalt binders are obtained from the residue that remains after the distillation of petroleum, this residue is further subjected to steam distillation and oxidation to remove the traces of gas oil present in the residue. Certain additives or modifiers are also added to asphalt binders to alter them to suit different applications.