Price and cost (dollars per ton of steel) 250 200 150 100 50 2:4 4:2 2 2:2 MSC The above figure shows the marginal social benefit, marginal private cost and marginal social cost of producing steel. If the market is competitive and unregulated, the equilibrium quantity of steel is tons and the efficient quantity of steel is ________tons. S-MC D- MSB 10 4 6 8 Quantity (tons of steel per week) None of the above answers is correct.
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- What is a pollution charge and what incentive does it provide for a firm to take external costs into account?A city currently emits 15 million gallons (MG) of raw sewage into a lake that is beside the city. Table 12.13 shows the total costs (TC) in thousands of dollars of cleaning up the sewage to different levels, together with the total benefits (TB) of doing so. Benefits include environmental, recreational, health, and industrial benefits. Using the information in Table 12.13 calculate the marginal costs and marginal benefits of reducing sewage emissions for this City. What is the optimal level of sewage for this city? How can you tell?Suppose you want to put a dollar value on the external costs of carbon emissions from a power plant. What information or data would you obtain to measure the external [not social] cost?
- A country called Sherwood is very heavily covered with a forest of 50,000 trees. There are proposals to clear some of Sherwoods forest and grow com, but obtaining this additional economic output will have an environmental cost from reducing the number of trees. Table 12.11 shows possible combinations of economic output and environmental protection. Sketch a graph of a production possibility frontier with environmental quality on the horizontal axis, measured by the number of trees, and the quantity of economic output, measured in corn, on the vertical axis. Which choices display productive efficiency? How can you tell? Which choices show allocative efficiency? How can you tell? In the choice between T and R, decide which one is better. Why? In the choice between T and S, can you say which one is better, and why? If you had to guess, which choice would you think is more likely to represent a command-and-control environmental policy and which choice is more likely to represent a market-oriented environmental policy, choice Q or S? Why?Suppose a city releases 16 million gallons of raw sewage into a nearby lake. Table 12.8 shows the total costs of cleaning up the sewage to different levels, together with the total benefits of doing so. (Benefits include environmental, recreational, health, and industrial benefits.) Using the information in Table 12.8, calculate the marginal costs and marginal benefits of reducing sewage emissions for this city. See Production, Costs and Industry Structure if you need a refresher on how to calculate marginal costs. What is the optimal level of sewage for this city? Why not just pass a law that films can emit zero sewage? After all, the total benefits of zero emissions exceed the total costs.What is the free rider problem?
- Consider the following graph that shows the marginal abatement cost (MAC) curve for a coal power plan for reducing local air pollution and the marginal damage (MD) curve for those living around the coal power plant. MD (E) MAC (E b. Emissions E-0 E EL E-Max AMax Or Abatement E A-0 What are the total abatement costs at E' (enter your answer with the letters and "+" signs as "a+b+c+d+e+f", without the quotation marks. What are the total abatement costs at E-0 (enter your answer with the letters and "+" signs as as "a+b+c+d+c+f", without the quotation marks. If the property rights were with the coal power plant how much Emissions would we see? (enter one of the following, "E-0", "E", "E1", "E-Max") If the property rights were with the people how much Emissions would we see? (enter one of the following. "E-0", "E", "E1 "E-Max") What is the socially optimal level of emissions (choose from one of the following and enter as written without the quotation marks, "E-0". "E"E1 "E-Max").warten population manghe ecosystem's Carrying capacity? 6. We have the following data for Demand Price and Costs for our product. Quantity Demand Price Costs 300 100 $21.63 $35.35 $5040.00 $2347.67 500 $17.25 $7481.67 1000 $12.70 $12469.67 1500 $10.26 $16196.00 We have reason to believe that the Demand Price is a power (exponential) function of some kind. Our Cost function is close to linear, but we expect, from some market analysis, that it is in fact quadratic. Approximate this data with a Demand Price function and a Cost function. Explain how confident you are; that is, how much error do you think is reasonable in this type of scenario? 区uestion 25/28 > NEXT A BOOKMARK Public Goods are used by all members of society, but sometimes they are overused and lead to things like air pollution, overcrowded schools, and congested roads. These things are known as Negative Externalities B Positiv Externalities Free Riders DConsequences DELL 女 esc -> ! #3 $4 & 1 4. 6. 7 W e r t y f h k a S n X C O O O O
- a. Place point A at the equilibirum outcome. Place point B at the socially efficient outcome. Market for cigarettes 10 Marginal social cost В Marginal private cost (supply) 8 A 7 Demand 4 3 1 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 Quantity of cigarettes (millions of packs) CO LO Price ($)Price (per pack) 11 10 9 8 7 -NW AS a 3 2 1 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Quantity (millions of packs per year) DM DS If cigarettes are priced at $3 a pack. Instructions: Enter your responses as a whole number. a. what is the quantity demanded in the market? million packs per year b. what is the socially optimal quantity? million packs per year c. If the government were to Intervene and tax cigarettes, how large of a tax is needed per pack to achieve this optimal outcome?Econ Return to Activity Score Mentor Mega Beans Market Booming Berries Booming Berries Materials Mark, if the external marginal cost from Booming Berries is $20 per thousand pounds, what is the socially efficient price per pound? 130 Booming Berrles 120 Clare 110 100 $70 90 80 70 Mark 60 That is correct! 50 40 30 Econ 20 Mentor 10 Mark, if the external marginal cost from Booming Berries is $20 per thousand pounds, what is the socially efficient quantity (in thousands)? 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 Quantity (in thousands) Clare Enter a response then click Submit below (in thousands) Submit MacBook Air F12 FI1 F9 F10 F8 F7 F6 888 F4 F5 F3 F2 esc F1 * & 24 % 8 @ # 7 3 4 2 T E Q tab Price (per pound)