Pretend you are a teacher or tutor helping a group of students understand molecular structure. They have asked you about the generic molecule: JM₂. Assume the molecule obeys all Earth Lewis Structure Conventions and the central atom "lives" below the second row of the periodic table. Also, here is some information that you may find helpful: Element # of valence electrons Electronegativity J 8 2.4 M 7 3.8 Teach your group of students about the following topics using JM₂ as the example molecule. 1. Construct a formal charge optimized Lewis Structure following the guidelines we use in our class. 2. Calculate formal charge for every atom. 3. Evaluate formal charge to determine the best structure. 4. Evaluate if the structure has resonance. 5. Determine if there are polar bonds. 6. Determining if the molecule is polar. 7. Determine the electronic geometry 8. Determine the molecular geometry. 9. Describe the bond angles in the molecular geometry. 10. Visualize the three-dimensional shape. 11. Determine the hybridization on all central atoms. 12. Identify the types of bonds found in the molecule (sigma & pi bonds).
Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
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