Reactions of Ethers
Ethers (R-O-R’) are compounds formed by replacing hydrogen atoms of an alcohol (R-OH compound) or a phenol (C6H5OH) by an aryl/ acyl group (functional group after removing single hydrogen from an aromatic ring). In this section, reaction, preparation and behavior of ethers are discussed in the context of organic chemistry.
Epoxides
Epoxides are a special class of cyclic ethers which are an important functional group in organic chemistry and generate reactive centers due to their unusual high reactivity. Due to their high reactivity, epoxides are considered to be toxic and mutagenic.
Williamson Ether Synthesis
An organic reaction in which an organohalide and a deprotonated alcohol forms ether is known as Williamson ether synthesis. Alexander Williamson developed the Williamson ether synthesis in 1850. The formation of ether in this synthesis is an SN2 reaction.
![**Title: Predicting Reagents for a Chemical Reaction**
**Objective:**
Determine the reagent(s) needed to convert the given starting material into the desired product.
**Chemical Structures:**
1. **Starting Material:**
- A cyclopentene ring with a pentyl side chain (a five-membered ring with one double bond and a linear chain).
2. **Product:**
- A carboxylic acid with a six-carbon chain and a ketone group on the third carbon.
**Reaction Details:**
- An arrow indicates the transformation from the starting material to the desired product.
- Two red-dashed rectangles suggest the insertion point(s) for the reagents needed to achieve this chemical transformation.
**Discussion Points:**
- Consider functional group transformations and reactions like oxidative cleavage or chain elongation.
- Focus on reagent selection to introduce carboxylic acid and ketone functionalities.
**Conclusion:**
Evaluate potential reagents and mechanisms to achieve the desired molecular conversion effectively.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fe362d5a9-bcf1-4bcc-9808-2899b06de487%2Fd6587df1-6635-42ac-b509-f81286ce3de4%2F7m55zwt_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
![The image presents a series of chemical reaction pathways labeled A through E. Here’s a detailed transcription of each pathway:
**Pathway A:**
1. \( \text{O}_3 \)
2. \( \text{Zn, HOAc} \)
**Pathway B:**
1. \( \text{OsO}_4 \) (catalytic)
2. NMO
**Pathway C:**
1. \( \text{O}_3 \)
2. \( \text{H}_2\text{O}_2 \)
**Pathway D:**
1. mCPBA
2. \( \text{H}_3\text{O}^+ \)
**Pathway E:**
- mCPBA
These pathways outline different chemical reactions involving various reagents: ozone, catalytic osmium tetroxide, NMO, zinc in acetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA), and acidic conditions. Each arrow represents the transition from reactants to products facilitated by these reagents.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fe362d5a9-bcf1-4bcc-9808-2899b06de487%2Fd6587df1-6635-42ac-b509-f81286ce3de4%2Fo1ew91_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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