Precise quantification of smoking during pregnancy is difficult in retrospective studies. Routinely collected blood specimens from newborns for screening purposes may provide a lowcost method to objectively measure maternal smoking close to the time of delivery. Serum cotinine is an important biomarker of recent smoking. A study was performed comparing cotinine levels in dried blood spots in newborns with those in umbilical cord blood (the gold standard) among 498 newborns. The lowest detection limit for dried blood spot cotinine was 3.1 ng/mL. The data in the table below were presented relating dried blood spot cotinine determinations to umbilical cord blood cotinine determinations. Cotinine Level in Dried Blood (ng/mL) Maternal Active Smoking = yes Maternal Active Smoking = no <3.1 3.1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 214 Total 2 0 0 0 2 1 1 1 2 3 2 1 78 93 394 (b) What is the specificity using this cut-point? (Round your answer to four decimal places.) 0.9827 ✓ 2 2 1 1 0 1 3 0 0 0 1 0 405 Suppose a cutoff of ≥ 5 ng/mL is proposed as a criterion for testing positive based on dried blood spot cotinine levels. (a) What is the sensitivity using this cut-point? (Round your answer to four decimal places.) 0.9785 Suppose it is estimated based on a large sample of births that 20% of mothers smoke at the time of delivery. Suppose the screening test for detecting whether a mother smokes at the time of pregnancy is based on a cutoff of ≥ 5 ng/mL using dried blood specimens from the newborn. (c) What is the probability that a mother smokes at the time of delivery if the dried blood specimen is 2 5 ng/mL? (Round your answer to four decimal places.) 0.9792 X
Precise quantification of smoking during pregnancy is difficult in retrospective studies. Routinely collected blood specimens from newborns for screening purposes may provide a lowcost method to objectively measure maternal smoking close to the time of delivery. Serum cotinine is an important biomarker of recent smoking. A study was performed comparing cotinine levels in dried blood spots in newborns with those in umbilical cord blood (the gold standard) among 498 newborns. The lowest detection limit for dried blood spot cotinine was 3.1 ng/mL. The data in the table below were presented relating dried blood spot cotinine determinations to umbilical cord blood cotinine determinations. Cotinine Level in Dried Blood (ng/mL) Maternal Active Smoking = yes Maternal Active Smoking = no <3.1 3.1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 214 Total 2 0 0 0 2 1 1 1 2 3 2 1 78 93 394 (b) What is the specificity using this cut-point? (Round your answer to four decimal places.) 0.9827 ✓ 2 2 1 1 0 1 3 0 0 0 1 0 405 Suppose a cutoff of ≥ 5 ng/mL is proposed as a criterion for testing positive based on dried blood spot cotinine levels. (a) What is the sensitivity using this cut-point? (Round your answer to four decimal places.) 0.9785 Suppose it is estimated based on a large sample of births that 20% of mothers smoke at the time of delivery. Suppose the screening test for detecting whether a mother smokes at the time of pregnancy is based on a cutoff of ≥ 5 ng/mL using dried blood specimens from the newborn. (c) What is the probability that a mother smokes at the time of delivery if the dried blood specimen is 2 5 ng/mL? (Round your answer to four decimal places.) 0.9792 X
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
6th Edition
ISBN:9781119256830
Author:Amos Gilat
Publisher:Amos Gilat
Chapter1: Starting With Matlab
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
Related questions
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Cant figure out part C
Transcribed Image Text:Precise quantification of smoking during pregnancy is difficult in retrospective studies. Routinely collected blood specimens from newborns for screening purposes may provide a lowcost method to objectively measure maternal smoking
close to the time of delivery. Serum cotinine is an important biomarker of recent smoking. A study was performed comparing cotinine levels in dried blood spots in newborns with those in umbilical cord blood (the gold standard) among 498
newborns. The lowest detection limit for dried blood spot cotinine was 3.1 ng/mL. The data in the table below were presented relating dried blood spot cotinine determinations to umbilical cord blood cotinine determinations.
Cotinine Level in Dried Blood (ng/mL) Maternal Active Smoking = yes Maternal Active Smoking = no
<3.1
3.1
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
≥14
Total
2
0
0
0
2
1
1
1
2
3
2
1
78
93
394
(b) What is the specificity using this cut-point? (Round your answer to four decimal places.)
0.9827
2
2
1
1
0
1
3
0
0
0
1
0
405
Suppose a cutoff of ≥ 5 ng/mL is proposed as a criterion for testing positive based on dried blood spot cotinine levels.
(a) What is the sensitivity using this cut-point? (Round your answer to four decimal places.)
0.9785
Suppose it is estimated based on a large sample of births that 20% of mothers smoke at the time of delivery.
Suppose the screening test for detecting whether a mother smokes at the time of pregnancy is based on a cutoff of ≥ 5 ng/mL using dried blood specimens from the newborn.
(c) What is the probability that a mother smokes at the time of delivery if the dried blood specimen is ≥ 5 ng/mL? (Round your answer to four decimal places.)
0.9792
X
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