ppose the RSA cryptosystem is used for sending secret messages with the private key (15,3) and the cipher text "3" is received. what is the plaintext?
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A: Below are the required answers with calculation and explanation:
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A:
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Q: suppose the RSA cryptosystem is used for sending secret message with the private key (15,3) what is…
A: Lets see the solution.
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- In an RSA system, the public key (n,e) of a given user is (323, 11). 1. What is the value of the exponent in the private key (n, d), of this user? 2. Suppose you want to send this user the message m = 45, write down the expression to generate the ciphertext for this message. 3. Suppose that your ciphertext, c, is 5, write down the expression to generate the plaintext matching this ciphertext. 4. Can you encrypt the message m=322 with this public key? O a. Yes O b. NoSuppose the parameters for an instance of the RSA cryptosystem are N = 26671, e = 3, and d 17563. = Decrypt the message y Decrypt the message y = 6666. = 1576.Consider a cryptosystem where the user enters a key in the form of a password. a. Assume a password consists of 10 characters , where each one is encoded using the ASCII scheme (7 bits per character). What is the size of the key space? b. What is the corresponding key length in bits? c. Assume that most users use 26 letters (lower and upper case) from the alphabet, what is the corresponding key length in bits in this case? d. At least how many characters are required for a password in order to generate a key length of 192 bits in case of letters consisting of(i). 7- bit characters?(ii). 26 lowercase letters from the alphabet?
- ] You receive a message that was encrypted using the RSA system with public key (43, 143), where 43 is the public exponent. A message encrypted using this cryptosystem was captured by an enemy and consisted of the following numbers: 6 82 132 115. Can you decipher what was the original message? (Hint: As a first step, you need to find p and q.)A symmetric block encryption algorithm is shown below. 16-bit blocks of plaintext P are encrypted using a 32-bit key. Encryption is defined as: C = (P EX_OR Ko) + K1 C is the ciphertext, K is the secret key, Ko is the leftmost 16 bits of K, K1 is the rightmost 16 bits of K, EX_OR is bitwise exclusive OR, and + is binary addition. a. The ciphertext C must be the same size as the plaintext P, that is, it must not be larger than 16 bits. How can this be achieved? b. Show the decryption equation. How will the encrypted message be decrypted?Suppose the public parameters for an instance of the RSA cryptosystem are N = 6767 and e = 7. Encrypt the messagez = 6105. Encrypt the message z = 5329.
- Using C programming language: A Transposition Cipher A very simple transposition cipher encrypt(S, N) can be described by the following rules: If the length of S is 1 or 2, then encrypt(S, N) is S. If S is a string of N characters s1 s2 s3... sN and k = N/2, then encrypt(S)= encrypt(sk sk−1... s2 s1 ,K)+ encrypt(sN sN−1... sk+1 ,N - K) where + indicates string concatenation. For example, encrypt("Ok", 2) = "Ok" and encrypt("12345678", 8) = "34127856". Write a program to implement this cipher. The input is a file that is guaranteed to have less then 2048 characters. Code structure might look like this: #define MAX_SIZE 2048char text_buffer[MAX_SIZE];int main(){ // read file into text_buffer encrypt(text_buffer, n); // print out text_buffer return 0;}Write a Java program to encrypt and decrypt a phrase using two similar approaches, each insecure by modern standards. The first approach is called the Caesar Cipher, and is a simple "substitution cipher" where characters in a message are replaced by a substitute character. The second approach, due to Giovan Battista Bellaso (b 1505, d 1581), uses a key word, where each character in the word specifies the offset for the corresponding character in the message, with the key word wrapping around as needed.Encryption is commonly used to disguise messages on the internet. A Caesar cipher performs a shift of all of the characters in a string (based on their ASCII values, see Table 2.1), e.g. h e l l o → m j q q tThe example shows a shift with a distance of 5characters, i.e. h(ASCII:104) → m(ASCII:109)Write a C/C++ program that asks the user to input a line of plaintext and the distance value and outputs an encrypted text using a Caesar cipher, with the ASCII values range from 0 through 127. Use underscores (ASCII: 95) to represent space characters.Underscore characters should not be encrypted, and any character that is encrypted may not become an underscore. In this case, the character should be changed to the next character in the ASCII table.The program should work for any printable characters.NB: No strings (datatype) or library functions may be used.See Figure 2.1 for example output.
- Encryption is commonly used to disguise messageson the internet. A Caesar cipher performs a shift ofall of the characters in a string (based on their ASCIIvalues, see Table 2.1), e.g.h e l l o → m j q q tThe example shows a shift with a distance of 5characters, i.e. h(ASCII:104) → m(ASCII:109)Write a C/C++ program that asks the user to input aline of plaintext and the distance value and outputsan encrypted text using a Caesar cipher, with theASCII values range from 0 through 127. Useunderscores (ASCII: 95) to represent spacecharacters.Underscore characters should not be encrypted,and any character that is encrypted may notbecome an underscore. In this case, the charactershould be changed to the next character in theASCII table.The program should work for any printablecharacters.NB: No strings (datatype) or library functions maybe used.See Figure 2.1 for example output.A cryptography student has accidentally used the same keystream to encrypt two different messages, M1M1 and M2M2. We know that the ciphertexts are C1=0x4ab397cf20db1ce0C1=0x4ab397cf20db1ce0 and C2=0x2f7fded503744af5C2=0x2f7fded503744af5. We also happen to know that M1=0xbc66dac8daeee8e2M1=0xbc66dac8daeee8e2. a) What is M2M2 in hexadecimal? Please give your answer a leading 0x and use lowercase letters only. b) What is the keystream? Please give your answer a leading 0x and use lowercase letters only. Hint: These are all 8 byte numbers and will fit in an unsigned long type on most systems.Implement the knapsack public-key cryptosystem using the C or Python programming language. Then, suppose that Bob's knapsack private key consists of (3, 5, 10, 23) along with the multiplier m' = 6 and the modulus n = 47. a. Find the plaintext given the ciphertext C = 20. Give your answer in binary. b. Find the plaintext given the ciphertext C = 29. Give your answer in binary. c. Find m and the public key.
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